Exercise 4. In the table, tick the categories that describe a tourist travelling, according to the definition suggested by each of the organizations listed in the left-hand column. 


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Exercise 4. In the table, tick the categories that describe a tourist travelling, according to the definition suggested by each of the organizations listed in the left-hand column.



Organization a) Outside own country b) Inside own country c) More than 24 hours d) Less than 24 hours e) On business f) Not on business g) Cruise passenger
League of Nations              
UN Conference on ITT              
Institute of Tourism              
International Conference on LRT              

 

Exercise 5. Read the article and single out the stages which promoted the advent of mass tourism in Britain.

“The Origins of Mass Tourism in Britain”

§1. In the late 18th century, sea water gained a reputation for its medicinal properties and as a result many British coastal fishing villages were transformed into fashionable resorts. Brighton and Weymouth both became popular with genteel holiday-makers after George III paid them a visit to try and cure the fits of madness from which he suffered. The earliest organization of anything that we would recognize today as tourism started in the mid-19th century. Thomas Cook is historically credited with organizing the first ever tourist excursion in 1841 when he sold tickets for a train ride from Leicester to Loughborough as a means of promoting the Temperance cause. Methodist missionary Henry Lunn pioneered the skiing holiday just a few years later.

§2. It was the Industrial Revolution that really began to open up tourism to the working classes. As a result of the widespread social and technological reforms a new middle class grew up, whose increased prosperity meant that they could afford to travel. The Bank Holiday Act of Parliament in 1871, creating four annual holidays and the Factory Act of 1901, which gave the first ever paid annual holiday allowance of 6 days, provided the necessary legislation to give the working British public leisure time at no financial loss.

§3. The new railways provided cheap travel to seaside resorts such as Scarborough and Blackpool. Public holidays would see a mass exodus from the large cities of Manchester, Liverpool and Leeds to the coast, for people to be entertained at fun-fairs and shows catering to the tastes of the working man.

§4. People were also becoming aware of a world outside their own direct experience. Soldiers travelling to foreign countries saw opportunities and wanted to return in peacetime. The colonial era brought India, Australia, Africa and other parts of the world into the spotlight of the European colonial powers. The advent of photography provided visual evidence of the existence of the exotic and began to stir interest among the more adventurous to see sights for themselves. The Taj Mahal, the Pyramids and the Sphinx and the Statue of Liberty are all examples of famous tourist attractions which we travel to see in real life because we’ve seen pictures of them.

§5. In only a century the holiday has changed beyond recognition. In 1890 a typical family holiday would be a day trip to the nearest seaside town. Armed with bucket and spade and a picnic, the family would take advantage of the half-a-crown cheap-day excursions offered by the private companies who ran the new railway network. The 1990s family, however, is far more likely to take a two-week package tour to the Mediterranean, where the whole family will be paid for before leaving home and one can enjoy guaranteed sunshine.

SET-WORK

Choose a heading for each paragraph of the article by putting a paragraph number next to the appropriate heading.

Paragraph number Heading
  a) The first travel agents
  b) From day trip to package tour
  c) Tourist attractions
  d) The development of the package tour
  e) The origins of foreign travel
  f) The railways and mass travel
  g) Sea water cures and the beginning of tourism
  h) The role of industrialization in tourism development
  i) The invention of photography
  j) Tourism legislation.

 



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