Are the statements true or false according to the text? 


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Are the statements true or false according to the text?



1) Urban productivity is highly dependent on the efficiency of its transport system to move officials between multiple origins and destinations.

2) Nowadays automobile has increased the demand for transport infrastructures.

3) However, the supply of infrastructures can cope with the growth of mobility.

4) People are spending a lot of time driving between their residence and workplace.

5) Low passenger stream makes most of services financially unstable.

Answer the questions on Text A.

1) Why do we need a developed transport systems?

2) What places are the transport problems especially related to?

3) What is one of the most prevalent transport problems in cities?

4) Which urban transport problem is linked with some social problems?

5) Is the public transport business profitable? Why?

6.1. Look through Text A and find the international words or their derivates and guess their meanings: accumulate, space, satisfaction, public, mobile, product, efficient, freight, terminal, urban, contribute, traffic, parking, to prevail, agglomeration, motorization, diffusion, infrastructure, cargo, circulation, double, resident, trend, isolation, adequate, comfort, print, finance, deficit, generate, provide, contra, intense, fatality, circulation.

Can you explain the meaning of the words in English?

Check the pronunciation of the words.

Study the highlighted words in Text A Part 1 and define their speech part: a noun, a verb, an adjective.

Match the highlighted words in Text A with the definitions below.

1) Place; 2) to connect, to link; 3) to deal with, to cope with; 4) to relate; 5) to annoy continually; 6) well known, considerable; 7) to maintain; 8) need, an urgent request; 9) excessive crowding; 10) to widen, to enlarge, to extend; 11) consuming, use; 12) duty, responsibility; 13) a regular journey of some distance to and from your place of work; 14) availability; 15) to take place; 16) to bring smth. or smb. to some other place, change location; 17) number of transported passengers; 18) profit; 19) to deal with; to keep up with; 20) to believe, to think, to suppose; 21) beyond ones strength.

Which of the following are the urban transport problems, in your opinion?

Loss of public space.

Accidents and safety.

Difficulties for non-motorized transport.

Freight distribution;

Environmental impacts and energy consumption.

Land consumption.

Which of them are the most / least notable transport problems? Put them in order of their importance (in your opinion).

10. Read Part 2 and match the titles from the list in Activity 9 to the paragraphs of the text. Is your order of problems the same as in the text?

Part 2

Urban transport difficulties are either the outcome of intense traffic, where the mobility of pedestrians, bicycles and vehicles is impaired, but also because of a blatant lack of consideration for pedestrians and bicycles in the physical design of infrastructures and facilities.

The majority of roads are publicly owned and free of access. Increased traffic has adverse impacts on public activities which once crowded the streets such as markets, agoras, parades and processions, games, and community interactions. These have gradually disappeared to be replaced by automobiles. In many cases, these activities have shifted to shopping malls while in other cases, they have been abandoned altogether. Traffic flows influence the life and interactions of residents and their usage of street space. More traffic impedes social interactions and street activities. People tend to walk and cycle less when traffic is high.

Pollution, including noise, generated by circulation has become a serious impediment to the quality of life and even the health of urban populations. Further, energy consumption by urban transportation has dramatically increased and so the dependency on petroleum. Yet, peak oil considerations are increasingly linked with peak mobility expectations where high energy prices incite a shift towards more efficient and sustainable forms of urban transportation, namely public transit.

Growing traffic in urban areas is linked with a growing number of accidents and fatalities, especially in developing countries. Accidents account for a significant share of recurring delays. As traffic increases, people feel less safe to use the streets.

The territorial imprint of transportation is significant, particularly for the automobile. Between 30 and 60% of a metropolitan area may be devoted to transportation, an outcome of the over-reliance on some forms of urban transportation. Yet, this land consumption also underlines the strategic importance of transportation in the economic and social welfare of cities.

Globalization and the materialization of the economy have resulted in growing quantities of freight moving within cities. As freight traffic commonly shares infrastructures with the circulation of passengers, the mobility of freight in urban areas has become, increasingly problematic. City logistics strategies can be established to mitigate the variety of challenges faced by urban freight distribution.



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