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Фрагменти уроків з навчання різних видів читання
Фрагмент 1 Мета: Формувати в учнів уміння переглядового/вибіркового читання (див. тексти після фрагмента уроку). Методичні зауваження: § тексти підбираються вчителем заздалегідь; копіями забезпечується кожен учень; § тексти читаються у класі під керівництвом і контролем учителя; § допускається перегляд тексту кілька разів; § час читання визначається вчителем; § учні не користуються словником чи граматичним довідником.
Тексти для опрацювання Banbury House ** Tel: 564839 Enjoy mixing with other students in luxury accommodation 30 minutes from the station and close to all main bus routes. Single and double rooms. Students provide own food but all cleaning services offered. Please bring your own linen.
Three Seasons * Tel: 445987 We can provide all types of accommodation for all types of single student. Rooms are fully furnished with linen and have reasonable rates. Full board possible. 35-40 minutes from main universities and city. Please observe codes of conduct.
Sturtin Hostel *** Tel: 876333 We offer scenic views and old-world charm. Located in pleasant rural surroundings. Relax after a long day by swimming in the pool or using the exercise gym. Separate study rooms available. No children. Bar & restaurant. First Stop * Tel: 223300 Ideal for new students, we provide double rooms. If you wish, we can offer assistance in finding a suitable person to share a room with. All washing and cleaning services offered at extra charge. Large canteen and three bathrooms on each floor. Sports centre next door. Home from Home ** Tеl: 567233 Single or double rooms for students. Fully air-conditioned with all amenities. Only a few minutes on foot to the city centre and close to colleges. All services and meals included. The management do not provide room-mates for individuals seeking double occupancy. Downtown Digs * Tеl: 882312 Do you worry that you’ll not have enough money to see the term through? Don’t waste it on expensive housing. This is a hostel for students run by students. No references and no rules. Shared bathroom, dormitory accommodation. Must provide own linen. All cleaning operates on a rota system. Singles only. Star Lodgings * Tel: 322756 This is a hotel but it offers apartment style housing so that you can retain some independence. Single or double rooms available with separate bathroom. All unfurnished. Children welcome. Highdown House ** Tel: 919102 Bed and breakfast hotel offers student accommodation for limited period only. Vacancies for on-the-spot reservations usually available. Own bathroom and laundry facilities but no cooking on premises. Sports room and small pool. Фрагмент 2 Мета: навчити учнів читати з розумінням основного змісту (ознайомлювальне читання) (див. текст після фрагмента уроку). Методичні зауваження: § текст читається у класі під керівництвом і контролем учителя; § здійснюється одноразове читання про себе; § час читання визначається учителем; § учні не користуються словником чи граматичним довідником;
§ перевіряється, який обсяг основної інформації учні зрозуміли.
Текст “Different Kinds of Calendars” There are some interesting facts about calendars. First of all we should know that till 1700 in Russia and Ukraine the first day of the year was the first of September. In 1699, the 31st of December was pronounced the last day of the year, as in Europe. The first day of January, 1700 was the beginning of the new Russian calendar. In different countries, at different times, we can see different kinds of calendars. About fifty centuries ago, in Egypt the first night of the year was the night in July when the brightest star Sirius was seen in the sky again after a two months’ interval. In old China, the calendar had both years and cycles of years. Sixty years made one cycle, and every year had its name. So the first year of a cycle was called the Year of the Tree and the Mouse; the seventh was the Year of the Metal and the Horse, and the tenth, the twenty-second and some others.were the Years of the Hen. Now imagine that a man was born in the Year of the Hen. There were five years of the Hen in a cycle: how could people know in what year the man was born? So the people of China don’t use their old calendar today. In the days of the French Revolution of 1789-1794, a new calendar was introduced in France – the year of Freedom, and the 22nd of September was called the first day of the year. But after a few years the whole country returned to the old calendar. Today in almost all countries the 1st of January is the beginning of the year. This day is a holiday. Фрагмент 3 Мета: Навчити учнів читати з повним розумінням змісту (вивчаюче читання). Методичні зауваження: § текст читається у класі під керівництвом учителя; § використовується словник, граматичний довідник; § велика увага приділяється лексичним одиницям, граматичним структурам.
“The Last Leaf” after O. Henry O.Henry (1862-1910) is a well-known American short-story writer. He had to earn his living from the age of fifteen and he educated himself with the help of friends. O.Henry knew people very well, especially the ordinary people of New York. In his stories you can feel satirical criticism of the American way of life. Most of his short stories are full of warm sympathy for ordinary American people. Part I Sue and Johnsy were poor artists who lived in a little New York district west of Washington Square. They painted pictures which they hoped to sell. Their studio was on the third floor of an old brick house. They became friends in May and decided to live together. In November Johnsy fell ill. She lay in bed near the window and looked at the side of the next brick house. One morning, the doctor asked Sue to come out into the corridor. ‘Your friend is very ill, she has one chance in – let us say, ten,” he said, as he looked at his clinical thermometer. “And that chance is for her to want to live. Your little lady has decided that she’s not going to get well. I promise to do all that I can, but you must help me. Let her think not of her illness, but of some other things.”
After the doctor had gone, Sue went into Johnsy’s room. Johnsy lay with her face towards the window. Sue thought that she was sleeping. So she began a drawing to illustrate a magazine story. As Sue was working she heard Johnsy counting. She went quickly to the bedside. Johnsy’s eyes were open. She was looking out of the window and counting something. “Twelve,” she said, and a little later “eleven”, and then “ten”, and “nine”; and then “eight” and “seven” almost together. Sue looked out of the window. What was there to count? There was only a yard and the brick wall of the next house. An old, old ivy-vine was growing on the brick wall. There were only a few leaves on it. “What is it, dear?” asked Sue. “Six,” said Johnsy. “They’re falling faster now. Three days ago there were almost a hundred. There goes another one. There are only five left now.” “Five what, dear? Tell me.” “Leaves. On the ivy-vine. When the last one falls, I must go too. I’ve known that for three days. Didn’t the doctor tell you?” “Oh, I never heard of such nonsense,” said Sue. “The doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well were ten to one! Try to take some soup now and let me draw my pictures.” “No, I don’t want any soup. There are only four now. I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark. Then I’ll go, too.” “Johnsy, dear,” said Sue, “will you promise me to keep your eyes shut, and not look out of the window until I finish working? I need the light.” “Tell me as soon as you have finished,” said Johnsy, shutting her eyes, and lying white and still as a fallen statue, “because I want to see the last one fall.” “Try to sleep,” said Sue. “I must call Behrman up to be my model.” Part II Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor in the same house. He was over sixty. Behrman was a failure in art, but he still hoped to paint a masterpiece. He earned a little by serving as a model to those young painters who could not pay the price of a professional. Sue found Behrman in his little room. She told him about Johnsy’s illness. “She thinks that she will die when the last leaf falls from the old ivy-vine on the wall of the next house.” Johnsy was sleeping when they entered her room. They went to the window and looked at each other for a moment without speaking. When Johnsy opened her eyes the next morning, there yet stood out against the brick wall one yellow and green ivy leaf. It was the last on the vine. “It is the last one,” said Johnsy. “I thought it would fall during the night. I heard the wind. It will fall today, and I shall die at the same time.” The day came to its end and even in the evening there was still one leaf on the ivy-vine. Then, with the coming of the night, the north wind began to blow again, the rain beat against the windows. In the morning, the girls looked out of the window. The one ivy leaf was still on the vine. Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. And then she called Sue and said, “I’ve been a bad girl. Something has made that last leaf stay there to show that we must always hope for the best. You may bring me a little soup now, and some milk.” An hour later, she said, “Sue, some day I hope to paint a beautiful picture.” The doctor came in the afternoon. In the corridor he said to Sue, “She’s much better now, she’s getting well. Now I must see old Behrman on the ground floor, some kind of a painter, I believe. Pneumonia, too. He’s an old man. There is no hope for him; but he goes to the hospital today. He’ll be more comfortable there.” The next day, the doctor said to Sue, “She’s out of danger. You’ve won. Good food and care now – that’s all.” That afternoon Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay. “I have something to tell you, dear,” she said. “Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia today in the hospital. He was ill only two days. He was found helpless in his room in the morning of the first day. His shoes and clothing were wet and he was very cold. They also found a lamp and a ladder in the room, some brushes and some yellow and green paints. Now look out of the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. Do you know why it never moved when the wind blew? Ah, dear, it’s Behrman’s masterpiece – he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell.”
Додаткова література [28] § Бабенко К.П. Деякі особливості активізації творчої уяви школярів у процесі контролю домашнього читання з англійської мови// Іноземні мови. – 2000. – № 1. – С. 18-20. § Бігич О.Б. Вправи для навчання читання на матеріалі американських автентичних підручників //Іноземні мови. – 1999. – № 4. – С. 60-63. § Бігич О.Б., Тищенко О.Ж. Навчання домашнього читання англійською мовою у середніх навчальних закладах //Іноземні мови. – 2000. – № 2. – С. 51-54. § Гапонова С.В. Ecology – К.: Ленвіт, 2000. – ч. І. – 64 с.; ч. II. – 64 с. § Ижогина Т.И. Как научить малышей читать //ИЯШ. – 1993. – № 1. – С. 49-52. § Клычникова З.И. Психологические особенности обучения чтению на иностранном языке. – М.: Просвещение, 1983. – С. 35-36. § Кувшинов В.И. Обучение алфавиту и звукобуквенным соответствиям английского языка //ИЯШ. – 1991. – № 4. – С.76-80. § Матрон Е.Д. Художественное произведение на уроках иностранного языка: Учебное пособие. – М.: Флинта, 2002. – 296 с. § Ніколаєва С.Ю., Метьолкіна О.Б. Тестовий контроль лексичних навичок читання (англійська мова). – К.: Ленвіт, 1997. – 88 с. § Ніколаєва С.Ю. та ін. Тестові завдання для навчання читання країнознавчих текстів англійською мовою. – К.: Ленвіт. – 1998-1999. – ч. 1-5. § Ніколаєва С.Ю., Шерстюк О.М. Рівні володіння іншомовним мовленням // Іноземні мови. – 2000. – № 2. – С. 69-72. § Петращук О.П. Тестові завдання з читання для рубіжного/підсумкового контролю у навчанні англійської мови в середній загальноосвітній школі //Іноземні мови. – 2000. – №1. – С. 20-24. § Скляренко Н.К., Баєва І.В. Тексти-полілоги як джерело інформації про культуру англомовних країн в підручниках English through Communication для 7-9 класів// Іноземні мови. – 1996. – №2. – С.20-22, – № 3. – С.17-21. § Фоломкина С.К. Текст в обучении иностранным языкам.//ИЯШ. – 1985. – № 3. – С. 18-22. § Хоменко Е.Г, Васильєва З.С., Горобченко Н.В. Тестовий контроль читання на уроках англійської мови у 9 класі //Іноземні мови. – 1998. – № 4. – С. 3-11. § Шостак Т.Г. Газета на уроках англійської мови //Іноземні мови. – 2001. – № 1. – С.16-18. § Greenwood J. Class Readers. – Oxford Univ. Press, 1996. – P. 140. § Grundy Peter. Newspapers. – Resource Books for Teachers. – ed.Alan Maley. – Oxford Univ. Press. – 1993. – 134 p. § In-Service Curriculum and Development Course for English Language Teachers: Trainer’s Guide. – К.: Ленвіт, 2002. – Р. 67-86. § Rogova G.V. Methods of Teaching English. – М.: Просвещение, 1983. – С. 199-217. § Siberstein S. Techniques and Resources in Teaching Reading. – Oxford Univ. Press, 1994. – 125 p. § Статті з журналу “Іноземні мови”. § Статті з журналу “Іноземні мови в навчальних закладах”. § Статті з журналу “Иностранные языки в школе”.
Матеріали для самоконтролю А. Перевірте, чи ви можете: 1 пояснити термін “компетенція в читанні”; 2 дати англійський еквівалент терміна “компетенція в читанні”; 3 розкрити суть терміна “техніка читання”; 4 назвати основні форми читання і види читання; 5 визначити основні психофізіологічні механізми читання. Порівняйте їх із психофізіологічними механізмами аудіювання; 6 назвати основні вимоги до текстів для читання. Порівняйте їх з вимогами до текстів для аудіювання; 7 охарактеризувати основні труднощі читання англійською мовою. Порівняйте їх з труднощами аудіювання; 8 розкрити зміст кожного з етапів навчання читання; 9 навести приклади передтекстових завдань для навчання читання; 10 навести приклади післятекстових завдань.
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