Which do you think contains more caffeine – coffee or tea?

Tobacco. Cigarettes, cigars and pipe tobacco all contain nicotine. The smoker may become dependent on this drug, and smokers find it very difficult to give up the habit.

Can you think of any health dangers associated with regular smoking?

Alcohol. In most homes you will find a cupboard containing some wine, beer or spirits. These drinks all contain alcohol, which can cause health and social problems for people who become dependent on it. Although most people enjoy drinking and drink sensibly, there are strict laws concerning drinking and driving and the age at which you can drink.

Can you think of any situations where heavy regular drinking may cause problems?

Solvents. Many household fluids such as glues and cleaning liquids contain volatile substances such as ether and alcohol. Some people use these liquids in the dangerous habit of sniffing.

Why do you think glue sniffing is most common among young people?

2. Прочтите текст во второй раз, переведите его и изложите основную мысль текста в

нескольких предложениях на английском языке.

 

3. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний и составьте свои

собственные предложения с ними:

 

- снижать боль; - вызывать проблемы со здоровьем;

- делать жизнь сносной; - стать зависимым от лекарства;

- извлекать большую пользу из ч.л.; - бросить привычку;

- в неправильном количестве; - быть распространенным среди молодежи.

- летучее вещество;

 

4. Задайте друг другу вопросы, выделенные жирным шрифтом, высказывая свою точку

зрения. Используйте следующие фразы:

 

I agree; I don`t agree with you; I think…; in my opinion; it depends on…; on the one hand; on the other hand.

 

5. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What are medicines used for?

2. How can we get a medicine?

3. Do any medicines contain drugs? In what case can they be dangerous?

4. What drinks contain a drug? What is it called?

 

6. Подготовьте по группам небольшое сообщение на английском языке (6-8

предложений) на следующие темы по содержанию текста:

 

1) Процедура выписывания лекарства;

2) Вредные привычки и их влияние на здоровье человека.

Unit 4

Administration of Drugs

Grammar: Participle II

1. а) Прочтите слова из Vocabulary List вслух.

б) Изучите список слов и укажите слова, называющие:

 

- способы введения лекарств.

 

Vocabulary List

the route of administration - способ введения (лекарства)

to absorb - всасываться

parenteral - парентеральный

to dissolve in saliva - растворяться в слюне

nausea - тошнота

rectal - ректальный

vomiting - рвота

to accomplish - достигать; завершать

location - местонахождение

a buttock - ягодица

to dissolve - растворять(ся)

topical - местный

surface - поверхность

sublingual - подъязычный

to accelerate - ускорить

to heal - заживать; заживлять

inhalation - ингаляция

moist - влажный

lotion - лосьон

oral - пероральный

subcutaneous - подкожный

 

2.Ответьте на вопросы, используя слова и словосочетания в скобках:

 

1. What do we call the route of administration when a medicine is taken by mouth? (oral)

2. In what case are suppositories used? (when oral route of administration presents

difficulties)

3. What is taken into the nose or mouth during inhalation? (vapors or gases)

3. Прочтите и переведите текст на русский язык.

Administration of Drugs.

 

The route of administration of a drug is very important in determining the rate and completeness of its absorption into the blood stream and speed and duration of the drug’s action in the body.

Oral Administration.

The route of administration is by mouth. Drugs given orally must pass into the stomach and be absorbed into the blood stream through the intestinal wall. This method may have several disadvantages. If the drug is destroyed in the digestive tract by the digestive juice or if the drug cannot pass through the intestinal wall or mucosa, it will be ineffective.

Sublingual Administration.

In this route of administration, drugs are not swallowed but are placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve in the saliva. Absorption may be rapid for some agents. Nitroglycerine tablets are taken this way to treat attacks of chest pain.