Task 7.Find definitions to the terms given in the left column.

1.License	a.Veterinarians do not have to complete this program before beginning practice. However, many different programs do exist, and an increasing number of new veterinarians are taking advantage of them to sharpen their skills or to achieve advanced qualification or specialty certification.
2.Employment options	b.For these two positions, a master's or Ph.D. degree is usually required. Veterinarians who seek specialty board certification in one of the 20 specialty fields, such as ophthalmology, pathology, surgery, radiology, or laboratory animal medicine, must complete 2- to 5-year residency programs and must pass an examination.
3.Internships	c.Before graduate veterinarians can engage in private clinical practice in any state, they must acquire a special document issued by that state. Mentioned document is granted only to veterinarians who pass state-required examinations.
4.Requirements for future teacher or researcher	d.This type of education is important, even after veterinarians have completed their college studies and acquired the appropriate licenses. New scientific knowledge and techniques are constantly being developed, and veterinarians must keep up to date by reading scientific journals and attending professional meetings and seminars. Approximately half the states require veterinarians to attend such courses to maintain their licenses.
5. Continuing education	e. New graduate veterinarians may enter private clinical practice, usually as employees in an established practice or private industry, or become employees of the U.S. government as meat and poultry inspectors, disease control workers, or commissioned officers in the U.S. Public Health Service or the military. New graduates many also enter internships and residencies at veterinary colleges and large private and public veterinary practices.

 

Task 8. Reading the texts and choose correct preposition.

BECOMING A VETERINARIAN

The first step toward a veterinary career is deciding that veterinary medicine is the right path (to, for) you. Some come to that decision (on, at) a young age, the first time they take a family pet to a veterinarian or a veterinarian visits their family farm. Some decide to become a veterinarian (before, after) reading about the achievements of prominent veterinarians. For others, the decision comes later (in, on) life, sometimes as a second career. Although it's never too late to make the choice, it's never too early to begin to prepare (at, for) this challenging career. To help you make a career decision, you should know what a veterinarian does and what personal attributes a good veterinarian needs. Individuals who are interested (at, in) veterinary medicine should have an inquiring mind and keen powers of observation. Aptitude and interest (on, in) the biological sciences are important.

Veterinarians need a life long interest in scientific learning as well as a like and understanding (of, for) animals. Veterinarians should be able to meet, talk, and work well (with, without) a variety of people. Veterinarians may have to euthanatize (humanely kill) an animal that is very sick or severely injured and cannot get well. When an animal dies, the veterinarian must deal (with, for) the owner's grief and loss. The pluses and minuses (in, of) a veterinary career vary.

They depend (on, in) the stage of a veterinarian's career, the type of practice, and the veterinarian's likes and dislikes. The primary reward for all veterinarians is the personal satisfaction (at, in) knowing that they are improving the quality of life for animals and people. Veterinarians who are employed (with, by) government agencies, laboratories, colleges, and commercial firms often have responsibility (at, for) large health programs and may manage large numbers of people. Most veterinarians work (at, in) private clinical practice, which has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Veterinarians (at, in) private clinical practice gain satisfaction from helping owners keep their animals well and from treating sick and injured animals. Veterinarians in private practice serve a variety of animals.

This is especially true (at, in) companion animal practice because of the increased popularity of pet birds, small mammals (e.g., hamsters, gerbils), and fish. Today, a veterinarian may be treating llamas, catfish, or ostriches as well as cats, dogs, horses, cows, hogs, sheep, and goats. Veterinarians usually treat companion and food animals in hospitals and clinics. Those in large animal practice also work (on, out) of well-equipped trucks or cars, and may drive considerable distances to farms and ranches. They may work outdoors in all kinds of weather. The chief risk for veterinarians is injury (with, by) animals; however, modern tranquilizers and technology have made it much easier for veterinarians to work (in, on) all types of animals. Most veterinarians work 50 or more hours a week; however, about a fifth work 40 hours a week. Although those in private practice may work nights and weekends, the increased number of emergency clinics has reduced the amount of time private practitioners must be (at, on) call. Large animal practitioners tend to work more irregular hours than do those in small animal practice, industry, or government. Veterinarians who are just starting a practice tend to work longer hours. Private clinical practitioners who own their own practices determine the nature (of, with) their practice and set their working hours. Because they are selfemployed, most private clinical practitioners choose to work (upon, beyond) normal retirement age.

What is a Veterinarian?

Doctors of Veterinary Medicine are medical professionals whose primary responsibility is protecting the health and welfare of animals and people. Veterinarians diagnose and control animal diseases, treat sick and injured animals, prevent the transmission of animal diseases ("zoonoses") (in, to) people, and advise owners on proper care of pets and livestock. They ensure a safe food supply (with, by) maintaining the health of food animals. Veterinarians are also involved (in, at) wildlife preservation and conservation and public health of the human population. Today's veterinarians are members (of, in) an important health profession. In taking the veterinarian's oath, a doctor solemnly swears to use his or her scientific knowledge and skills "for the benefit of society, through the protection of animal health, the relief of animal suffering, the conservation of animal resources, the promotion of public health, and the advancement (at, of) medical knowledge." Today more than 67,000 veterinarians are professionally active (at, in) the United States. They provide a wide variety of services in private clinical practice, teaching, research, government service, public health, military service, private industry, and other areas.