Fill in the gaps with the correct alternative or proper forms of the words in brackets.

Famous Clock

When you (1) _______ (visit) London, one of the first (2). _______.(thing) you will see is (3) _______ (Big Ben), (4) _______ (a, the, -) famous clock which can (5) _______ (hear) all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament (6) _______ (not to burn down) in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben (7) _______ (take) its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament (8) _______ (build). Since that time officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock (9) _______ (check) twice a day. On the B. B. C. you can hear the clock when it (10) _______ (strike) because microphones (11) _______ (connect) to the clock tower. Once, however, it (12) _______ (fail) to give the correct time. (13) _______ (A, the, -) painter who (14) _______ (work) on the tower (15) _______ (hang) a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down.

16. What _______ (shall, should) we do tonight? − We _______ (could, will) go out, I think. 17. My brother _______ (decide) to open his own restaurant, so he _______ (have) a meeting with his bank manager tomorrow and he _______ (want) to ask him for _______ (a, the, –) loan. 18. I'm tired. I _______ (work) very hard _______ (so far, just, lately). 19. Do you know how long she _______ (work) there before she retired? – She still _______ (work) there. 20. Most ballads _______ (base) on facts. They say that Robin Hood lived in the forest as _______ (a/an, the) outlaw. He robbed only _______ (a, the, −) rich people and helped _______ (a, the, −) poor. 21. Ann told me she _______ (work) hard in the lab the previous day. 22. There _______ (be) too much traffic on the roads today. - Yes, the traffic _______ (be) murderous in big cities nowadays. 23. Money spent on the brain _______ (be) never spent in vain. 24. Three _______ (beers/beer), please. − Oh, not for me. I've had two _______ (beers/beer) today. 25. I _______ (use) to love cooking but I never get the time nowadays. 26. Everything _______ (be) still and peaceful in London's parks and you _______ (could, may, must) hardly imagine that an enormous city with its traffic and noise is but a few paces away. 27. _______ (Most/the most) children like this game. This is _______ (popular) game for most children. 28. The journey _______ (to, for, in) Paris took much _______ (long) before they built the Channel Tunnel. 29. Britain's _______ (a, the, −) art, _______ (a, the, −) culture and _______ (a, the, −) literature flowered during _______ (a, the, −) Elizabethan age, _______ (a, the, −) reign of Elizabeth I; it was _______ (a, the, −) period of English domination of the oceans. 30. _______ (a, the, −) North Pole and _______ (a, the, −) South Pole, two of the most inaccessible points on _______ (a, the, −) earth attracted explorers for many years. 31. _______ (A, the, –) North Pole _______ (conquer) in 1909 by _______ (a, the, –) American engineer named Robert Peary, who had given twenty-three years of his life to Arctic exploration. 32. _______ (There, it) must be _______ (a, the, −) solution of the problem. 33. Helen said that if the fog _______ (get) any _______ (thick), the plane might make an emergency landing at London airport. 34. We _______ (must, can, may) send a telegram to congratulate them _______ (for, with, on) their silver wedding which _______ (take place) _______ (during, through, in) a week. 35. The plane which originally headed _______ (in, on, for) Birmingham _______ (must, could, have to) make an emergency landing at Luton airport. 36. The advantage _______ (of, in, over) computers _______ (be) that they _______ (can, must, may) process information _______ (quick, quickly). 37. He's got _______ (a, the, −) headache. He _______ (work) _______ (on, at, with) the computer all morning. 38. My friend is looking forward to _______ (visit) a lot of _______ (exciting, excited) places. 39. It _______ (take) Christopher Wren thirty-five years to build St. Paul's Cathedral. 40. Everyone knows what they have to do, _______? 41. Where _______your sisters-in-law _______ (work)? 42. How many _______ (time, times) did Rick phone? − Sorry, but I haven't got _______ (time, times) to listen to his calls.

43. You _______ (shouldn't, mustn't, can't) eat too much _______ (chocolate, chocolates). 44. He never works overtime. If he _______ (work) overtime, he _______ (earn) as much as I do. 45. Bill was upset. If he _______ (not, spend) so much time on the first question, he _______ (have) enough time to do the others properly.

 

 

UNIT III

SOCIAL COMMUNICATION

 

Section I

Family Relations

TOPICAL VOCABULARY

to celebrate ['seləbreɪt] праздновать to observe [əb'zɜːv] соблюдать generation [ˌʤenə'reɪʃ(ə)n] поколение custom ['kʌstəm] обычай, традиция ritual ['rɪtjuəl] ритуал a bride [braɪd] невеста a fiancé[fɪ'ɑːnseɪ] жених a mother-in-law['mʌð(ə)(r)ɪnˌlɔː] тёща, свекровь a father-in-law['fɑːðə(r)ɪnlɔː] свёкор, тесть to hold [həuld] зд.проводить festivity [fes'tɪvətɪ] праздник, веселье to commemorate [kə'meməreɪt] почтить чью-л. память to introduce [ˌɪntrə'djuːs] знакомить casual ['kæʒwəl] повседневный, непарадный (об одежде) tricky ['trɪkɪ] хитрый, коварный, acceptable [ək'septəbl] приемлемый

a sister-in-law ['sɪst(ə)(r)ɪnlɔː] невестка, золовка, свояченица a brother -in-law ['brʌð(ə)(r)ɪnˌlɔː] зять, шурин, свояк, деверь a cousin ['kʌz(ə)n] двоюродный брат, двоюродная сестра a breadwinner ['bredˌwɪnə]кормилец to feature ['fiːʧə] характеризовать luck [lʌk] фортуна, судьба superstition [ˌs(j)uːpə'stɪʃ(ə)n] суеверие to concern[kən'sɜːn] иметь отношение pageantry ['pæʤəntrɪ] торжественная процессия manner ['mænə] манера, поведение politeness [pə'laɪtnəs] вежливость habit ['hæbɪt] обычай, привычка formality [fɔː'mælətɪ] формальность deference ['def(ə)r(ə)n(t)s] уважение, почтение

 

Text A

Family Traditions

Most of us have one or more “family traditions” that we celebrate, or take part in. A tradition can be something that is observed annually, monthly, or even daily. In the United States there are some standard traditions like celebrating the Fourth of July with fireworks, inviting friends and family over for a hearty meal on Thanksgiving, and exchanging gifts for Christmas. Traditions can also be far more personal and distinctive like cooking together, going to the park on Sundays, or regularly playing card games together on a given night of the week. Some families set aside one day of the week as their official “family day.” They plan different activities such as trips to the zoo with children or a lunch date at a local restaurant. It is during these times that family members are able to talk about the current happenings of their lives, the feelings associated with them, as well as exchange ideas. This time together creates an opportunity for families to have dialogue that might otherwise not take place.

Traditions are an important part of family life. Families gain greater feelings of closeness, belonging and connection between generations as family traditions are acted out and passed on. In having set customs, rituals, or time together as a family, the family unit grows stronger.

Furthermore, the effects that traditions have on children are great. Children benefit from the feelings of unity and connectedness. Research shows that the more often families eat together, the less likely kids are to smoke, drink, do drugs, get depressed, and the more likely they are to do well in school. When families adopt traditions, children are able to sense a commitment to family that helps them to make healthy and balanced life choices.

You may think which traditions are right for you and your family. Consider a past time that will bring your family closer together. Ask yourself about the activities your family enjoys doing together. It may be that your family is particularly active and therefore might benefit most from a tradition of “sports day.” On the other hand, your family may try a tradition of reading a book together. Remember that it is an opportunity to influence your children. Be flexible with the time you have set aside. You may realize that there are many different things your family enjoys doing together in which case the activity may change or evolve.

Finally, make the most of your tradition so that you can recall wonderful memories. Strong families find that opportunities for quality time occur as they spend quantity time together. I encourage you to set up a family tradition of your own. You will look back on the moments shared with your family with great joy.

Comments:

annually ежегодно distinctive различные set aside предназначать, выделять benefit извлекать пользу set up -устанавливать

current happenings последние события belonging причастность commitment ответственное отношение к (чему-либо)

COMPREHENSION

Exercise 1.

Answer the questions.

1. What kinds of traditions are there?

2. Why are family traditions so important?

3. What is a “family day”?

4. How can you set up a new family tradition?

5. Does your family have any traditions? What traditions does it have?

6. What new traditions would you like to set up in your family?

VOCABULARY

Exercise 2.