Grammar Модальные глаголы и их заменители

Модальные глаголы показывают отношение говорящего к действию, выраженному инфинитивом.

I. Translate the sentences.

1. Nobody could translate this text.

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2. He has to do this task at once.

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3. Must I attend this meeting? - No, you needn't.

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4. You should have shown your notes to the teacher.

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5. I asked him, but he wouldn't listen to me.

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6. They should have visited her, she was in the hospital.

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7. Last summer we would often go to the country.

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8. Your son соuld do this wоrk himself.

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9. Would you tell me the way to the station?

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10. Your friend might have informed us.

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11. Who is to answer my question?

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12. May I leave for a while? - Yes, you may.

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13. She should be more attentive to her parents.

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14. You needn't come so early.

 

__ I. Fill in the modal verbs.

(must, should, would, ought to, have to, needn't, can, could, may)

1. I... not go to the theatre with them last night, I... revise the grammar rules and the words for the test. 2. My friend lives a long way from his office and... get up early. 3. All of us... be in time for classes. 4. When my friend has his English, he... stay at the office after work. He (not)... stay at the office on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday and... get home early. 5.... you... work hard to do well in your English? 6.... we discuss this question now? No, we.... We... do it tomorrow afternoon. 7. I'm glad you... come. 8. ... you... come and have dinner with us tomorrow? I'd love to. 9. Please send them this article. Oh,... I do it now?

III. Fill in the modal verbs.

(must, should, would, ought to, have to. needn't, can, could, may)

1. They _________________________ not do this work themselves.

2. You __________________________________ take my dictionary.

3. You don't look well, you __________________ consult the doctor.

4. Why ________________________________I give you my money?

5. She _________________________ not speak any foreign language.

6. He __________________________ to help them, they need his help.

7. ______________________________________ you tell me the time?

8. _______________________I go with you ? No, you______________

9. Your daughter _______________________________have told about it.

10. In winter we ______________________________________ often skate.

IV. Translate the sentences .

1. This building should have been constructed a year ago.

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2. The letter should have been sent yesterday.

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3. The tests of materials should have been conducted before their use.

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4. We should not have used that sort of steel.

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5. This phenomenon should be explained by thermal expansion.

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V. Translate the messages of the computer.

1.Cannot recover nonremovable drive X a) Не следует восстанавливать несъемный накопитель Х

б) Нельзя восстановить несъемный накопитель Х

в) Восстановите несъемный накопитель Х

 

2. Target disk cannot be used for back-up. а) Диск, на который осуществляется запись, не может быть использован для резервного копирования.

б) Не используйте диск, на который осуществляется запись, для резервного копирования.

в) Диск, на который осуществляется запись, может быть использован для резервного копирования.

 

3. Unable to create table in resident memory а) Возможно создать таблицу в резидентной памяти.

б) Невозможно создать таблицу в резидентной памяти.

в) Создайте таблицу в резидентной памяти.

 

4. Target diskette may be unusable. а) Дискета, на которую ведется запись, является непригодной.

б) Дискета, на которую ведется запись, может быть непригодной.

в) Дискета, на которую ведется запись, должна быть пригодной.

 

5. Drive letter must be specified. а) Буква, определяющая дисковод, должна быть определена

б) Буква, определяющая дисковод, может быть определена

в) Буква, определяющая дисковод, определена

 

 

Unit 3

What is a computer?

Computer is device for processing information. Computer has no intelligence by itself and is called hardware. A computer system is a combination of four elements:

· Hardware

· Software

· Procedures

· Data/information

Software are the programmes that tell the hardware how to perform a task. Without software instructions, the hardware doesn’t know what to do.

The basic job of the computer is the form of instructions called programs and symbols called data. After that they perform various mathematical and logical operations, and then give the results (information). Computer is used to convert data into information. Computer is also used to store information in the digital form.

Vocabulary:

Device устройство

Intelligence разум

Hardware оборудование

Software программы

Processing обработка

Procedures процедуры, операции

to perform выполнять

Manner манера, способ

Various различные

Purpose цель

to convert превращать

Data данные

to store хранить

Digital цифровой

 

I. Answer the questions:

1) What does the term «computer» describe?

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2) Is computer intelligent?

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3) What are four components of computer system?

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4) What is software?

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5) What's the difference between the hardware and software?

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6) In what way terms «data» and «information» differ?

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7) How does computer convert data into information?

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II. Translate into Russian

Computer, diskette, metal, processor, scanner, information, data, microphone, printer, modem, Internet.