Make questions from the words in brackets.

1. (ever/ ride/ horse) Have you ever ridden a horse?

2. (ever/ be/ California)______________________________________________________

3. (ever/ run/ marathon)_____________________________________________________

4. (ever/ speak/ famous person)_______________________________________________

5. (always/ live/ in this town)________________________________________________

6. (most beautiful place/ ever/ visit) What_______________________________________

2. Complete these sentences using today/ this year/ this term etc.

1. I saw Tom yesterday but I haven’t seen him today.

2. I read a newspaper yesterday but I___________________________________________

3. Last year the company made a profit but this year_______________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

4. Tracy worked hard at school last term but_____________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

5. It snowed a lot last winter but_______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

6. Our football team won a lot of games last season but we__________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

3. Supply either the Present Simple or the Present Perfect in the following sentences.
1. I can’t speak about the book. I (not read)_______________________________ it yet.

2. Every day I (wind up)_____________________ my watch at 7 o’clock in the morning.
3. It is Friday.... you (see)___________________________ him this week?
4. Students usually (buy)_______________________ books at the House of Books.
5. It’s a pity, but I (not buy)_________________________________ this dictionary yet.
6. As a rule we (do)___________________________________ many exercises in class.
7. Re (tell)_____________________________________________ this joke many times.
8. Something (go)_____________________________________ wrong with my watch.
9. I already (translate)_____________________________ these sentences into French.
10. They (have)_______________________________ their English many hours a week.
11. She (work)_________________________ much and usually (get) many’ good marks.
1 2. We (buy)_________________________________________ a new TV set this year.

4.Rewrite the sentences using the Present Perfect or the Past Simple:

Examples: I am writing a letter to my cousin (already. yesterday).

I have already written a letter to my cousin.
I wrote a letter to my cousin yesterday.

1. The waitress is bringing our tea. (a few minutes ago. not yet)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. The bell is ringing, (just; some minutes ago)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. He is going to London in a fewdays. (already; last week)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. The boys are playing football in the yard now. (yesterday; many times)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Mother is reading a new novel by Aitmatov. (this month; last year)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Students are cleaning their classrooms. (already, last Saturday)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. The teacher is explaining a new rule. (Just; at the previous lesson)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Ann is doing her homework now. (just; on Friday)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. They are discussing this problem again. (many times; a few days ago)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Granny is making a birthday cake. (just, yesterday)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

11. The birds are flying to the South, (already; at the end of August)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1 2. The train is coming. (just; an hour ago)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
13. Who is your friend speaking to? (yesterday, just)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
14. We are writing the words of Lesson 7. (Already, at the last lesson)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit 2

 

Computers today

Yesterday’s computers were tools for scientists, mathematicians, and engineers. Today many businesses and organizations own computers although they have different types of computers and use them for different purposes. Hardly a day goes by when do not make a controlled business transaction. Each time we visit the bank, use a credit card, pay a bill or a ticket a computer lurks behind the scene, recording each transaction. Computers can process data in a fraction of the time it would take to perform the same jobs manually. They reduce the paperwork involved in these transactions and also reduce costs. No area of enterprise seems without computers nowadays. Scientists build computer models of airplane crashes in order to determine the ‘crash behavior’ of airplanes, which in turn helps aircraft designers plan safer seats, windows, and fabrics to decrease fire hazards during a crash. Ecologists use computers to monitor environmental problems like acid rain and suggest solutions. Engineers use computers to design replacement for the damaged bones. Educators use computers in the classroom to perform chemistry experiments that might otherwise be dangerous. There seems to be no limit to computer applications. Hard copy, modem, database, peripherals: all these words refer to a relatively new and rapidly changing technology – that of the computer. Computers are changing our language, and they are also changing us. No longer are computer expert the only people who interact with computers. Today the lives of most of us are affected by computers every day.

 

Vocabulary

 

tool инструмент;

Peripheral devices (peripherals) периферийные устройства;

instruction команда, инструкция, указание;

enable разрешать, позволять, делать возможным,

fraction of the time за короткое время;

to lurk скрываться, оставаться незамеченным;

transaction сделка, группа операций;

to monitor наблюдать, контролировать, следить;

to process обрабатывать;

solution решение

application применение, использование

to interact взаимодействовать;

to control управлять, регулировать;

to reduce costs сокращать затраты;

otherwise иначе, иным образом;

to affect влиять, воздействовать.

 

I. Answer the following questions:

1. Who interacted with yesterday’s computers?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What service do computers in business provide?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. How do ecologists use computers?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. How do engineers use them?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. How do educators use them?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Where can we find computes in our life?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What computer manufacturers do you know?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

II. Agree or disagree with the statements .

1. Today computers are operated only by scientists, mathematicians and engineers.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Businesses and organizations own and use only personnel computers.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. All computers are produced of the same size and power.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. In offices computers are used only as typewriters.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Any kind of job can be performed with the help of the computer.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Our lives are affected by computers every day.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. All country schools have computer classes.

 

III. Translate from Russian into English.

1. В настоящее время нельзя обойтись без компьютера.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Каждый день мы ходим в банк, пользуемся кредитной картой, оплачиваем счёт, а компьютер остается незамеченным.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Компьютеры могут за короткое время обработать информацию.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Нет предела применению компьютера.

__________________________________________________________________

5. Экологи используют компьютеры, чтобы наблюдать за проблемами окружающей среды.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Учёные строят компьютерные модели самолётов.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Компьютеры используются в разных целях.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Read the text

 

Without my computer I would not have the pleasure of the getting to my favourite sites, I would have difficulty in communication with my friends, and I would not be able to do my work for college. I often wonder how we all managed before computers were a common place in the home. I just don’t have the time to be always running to the post box to send letters. E – mail is very important when you have a tough schedule. Most of my relaxed time is spent at the computer as by the time I finish doing homework. I am too tired and it is often too late to go out. It is reference aid and educational tool. If all else fails, you can play cards on it, although I am for action games!

V. Write an essay giving your opinion on the following topic:

,, Imagine that you could only use one of the following: a computer, a mobile phone or a car. Which one would you use and why? “

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

VI. Speak on the following:

,, Computers change our life. “

 

Use questions:

1. Do you have your own computer?

2. What purposes do you use it for?

3. How long have you had PC?

4. What devices is it supplied with?