I. Translate the words from Russian into English

Unit 1

Computers origins

 

The first suggestion that a machine for mathematical computation could be built was made more than a hundred years ago by the mathematician Charles Babbage. We now realize that he understood clearly all the fundamental principles of modern computers.

Babbage was born in Devonshire, England, 1792. He did not receive a good education, but he taught himself mathematics so well that when he went in Cambridge, he found that he knew more algebra than his tutor.

At that time mathematics in Cambridge was still under the influence of Newton and was quite unaffected by the contemporary developments on the continent.

Charles Babbage was outstanding among his contemporaries because he insisted on practical application of science and mathematics. For example, he wrote widely on the economic advantages of mass productions and on the development of machine tools.

In 1812 he was sitting in his room looking at a table of logarithms which he knew to be full of mistakes, when an idea occurred to him of computing all tabular functions by machinery. Babbage constructed a small working model which he demonstrated in 1822.

The Royal Society supported the project and Babbage was promised a subsidy.

In 1833 he began to think of building a machine which was in fact the first universal digital computer, as the expression is understood today.

Babbage devoted the rest of his life to an attempt to develop it. He had to finance all of the work himself and he was only able to finish part of the machine though he prepared thousands of detailed drawings from which it could be made.

Babbage wrote more than 80 books and papers, bur he was misunderstood by his contemporaries and died a disappointed man in 1871.

He tried to solve by himself and with his own resources a series of problems which in the end required the united efforts of two generations of engineers.

After his death his son continued his work and built part of an arithmetic’s unit, which printed out its results directly on paper.

Vocabulary

 

to insist настаивать

table таблица

to devote посвящать

to continue продолжать

Fundamental principals основные принципы

Advantage преимущество

to print распечатать

to finance финансировать

computation вычисление

I. Translate the words from Russian into English

1) Математические вычисления_____________________________________________

2) Основные принципы____________________________________________________

3) Хорошее образование____________________________________________________

4) Практическое применение науки и математики______________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

5) Экономические преимущества производства________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

6) Логарифм______________________________________________________________

7) Подсчет функций при помощи машины____________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

8) Конструировать_________________________________________________________

9) Рабочая модель_________________________________________________________

10) Цифровой компьютер___________________________________________________

11) Арифметический центр_________________________________________________

12) Распечатать результаты_________________________________________________

13) Основные принципы современных компьютеров____________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

14) Математик____________________________________________________________

15) Финансировать________________________________________________________

II. Complete the sentences.

1) Babbage was born...______________________________________________.

2) Charles Babbage was outstanding because... __________________________________________________________________.

3) Babbage constructed...____________________________________________.

4) In 1833 he began...________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________.

5) When he went to Cambridge..._______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________.

6) Babbage devoted..._______________________________________________.

7) Babbage wrote...__________________________________________________.

8) He was misunderstood...___________________________________________.

9) Babbage was promised...___________________________________________.

10) His son built...__________________________________________________.

11) Babbage did not receive..._________________________________________.

12) He understood clearly...__________________________________________.

III. Agree or disagree.

1) Babbage knew more algebra than his tutor in Cambridge.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2) He received a good education.

_________________________________________________________________________

3) Babbage was born in Cambridge.

_________________________________________________________________________

4) Babbage insisted on the practical application of science and mathematics.

_________________________________________________________________________

5) Babbage constructed a small working model and demonstrated it in 1833.

_________________________________________________________________________

6) The Royal Society financed all of the work.

_________________________________________________________________________

7) Babbage finished his machine in 1871.

_________________________________________________________________________

8) He was misunderstood by contemporaries.

_________________________________________________________________________

9) Babbage taught himself mathematics very well.

_________________________________________________________________________

10) Mathematics in Cambridge was under the influence of Babbage.

_________________________________________________________________________

11) Babbage wrote on the economic advantages of mass productions.

_________________________________________________________________________

12) Babbage died a disappointed man in 1833.

_________________________________________________________________________

 

V. Translate the sentences.

 

1) Первый компьютер был разработан Чарльзом Беббиджем более 100 лет назад.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2) В 1822 г. Беббидж сконструировал небольшую рабочую модель.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3) Ч.Беббидж написал более 80-и книг.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4) В 1833 г. он начал разрабатывать первый универсальный цифровой компьютер.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5) После его смерти сын продолжил его работу.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit 2

 

Computers today

Yesterday’s computers were tools for scientists, mathematicians, and engineers. Today many businesses and organizations own computers although they have different types of computers and use them for different purposes. Hardly a day goes by when do not make a controlled business transaction. Each time we visit the bank, use a credit card, pay a bill or a ticket a computer lurks behind the scene, recording each transaction. Computers can process data in a fraction of the time it would take to perform the same jobs manually. They reduce the paperwork involved in these transactions and also reduce costs. No area of enterprise seems without computers nowadays. Scientists build computer models of airplane crashes in order to determine the ‘crash behavior’ of airplanes, which in turn helps aircraft designers plan safer seats, windows, and fabrics to decrease fire hazards during a crash. Ecologists use computers to monitor environmental problems like acid rain and suggest solutions. Engineers use computers to design replacement for the damaged bones. Educators use computers in the classroom to perform chemistry experiments that might otherwise be dangerous. There seems to be no limit to computer applications. Hard copy, modem, database, peripherals: all these words refer to a relatively new and rapidly changing technology – that of the computer. Computers are changing our language, and they are also changing us. No longer are computer expert the only people who interact with computers. Today the lives of most of us are affected by computers every day.

 

Vocabulary

 

tool инструмент;

Peripheral devices (peripherals) периферийные устройства;

instruction команда, инструкция, указание;

enable разрешать, позволять, делать возможным,

fraction of the time за короткое время;

to lurk скрываться, оставаться незамеченным;

transaction сделка, группа операций;

to monitor наблюдать, контролировать, следить;

to process обрабатывать;

solution решение

application применение, использование

to interact взаимодействовать;

to control управлять, регулировать;

to reduce costs сокращать затраты;

otherwise иначе, иным образом;

to affect влиять, воздействовать.

 

I. Answer the following questions:

1. Who interacted with yesterday’s computers?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What service do computers in business provide?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. How do ecologists use computers?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. How do engineers use them?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. How do educators use them?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Where can we find computes in our life?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What computer manufacturers do you know?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

II. Agree or disagree with the statements .

1. Today computers are operated only by scientists, mathematicians and engineers.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Businesses and organizations own and use only personnel computers.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. All computers are produced of the same size and power.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. In offices computers are used only as typewriters.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Any kind of job can be performed with the help of the computer.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Our lives are affected by computers every day.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. All country schools have computer classes.

 

III. Translate from Russian into English.

1. В настоящее время нельзя обойтись без компьютера.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Каждый день мы ходим в банк, пользуемся кредитной картой, оплачиваем счёт, а компьютер остается незамеченным.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Компьютеры могут за короткое время обработать информацию.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Нет предела применению компьютера.

__________________________________________________________________

5. Экологи используют компьютеры, чтобы наблюдать за проблемами окружающей среды.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Учёные строят компьютерные модели самолётов.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Компьютеры используются в разных целях.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Read the text

 

Without my computer I would not have the pleasure of the getting to my favourite sites, I would have difficulty in communication with my friends, and I would not be able to do my work for college. I often wonder how we all managed before computers were a common place in the home. I just don’t have the time to be always running to the post box to send letters. E – mail is very important when you have a tough schedule. Most of my relaxed time is spent at the computer as by the time I finish doing homework. I am too tired and it is often too late to go out. It is reference aid and educational tool. If all else fails, you can play cards on it, although I am for action games!

V. Write an essay giving your opinion on the following topic:

,, Imagine that you could only use one of the following: a computer, a mobile phone or a car. Which one would you use and why? “

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

VI. Speak on the following:

,, Computers change our life. “

 

Use questions:

1. Do you have your own computer?

2. What purposes do you use it for?

3. How long have you had PC?

4. What devices is it supplied with?

I. Translate the sentences.

1. Nobody could translate this text.

_________________________________________________________________________

2. He has to do this task at once.

_________________________________________________________________________

3. Must I attend this meeting? - No, you needn't.

_________________________________________________________________________

4. You should have shown your notes to the teacher.

_________________________________________________________________________

5. I asked him, but he wouldn't listen to me.

_________________________________________________________________________

6. They should have visited her, she was in the hospital.

_________________________________________________________________________

7. Last summer we would often go to the country.

_________________________________________________________________________

8. Your son соuld do this wоrk himself.

___________________________________________________________________________________

9. Would you tell me the way to the station?

_________________________________________________________________________

10. Your friend might have informed us.

_________________________________________________________________________

11. Who is to answer my question?

_________________________________________________________________________

12. May I leave for a while? - Yes, you may.

________________________________________________________________________

13. She should be more attentive to her parents.

________________________________________________________________________

14. You needn't come so early.

 

__ I. Fill in the modal verbs.

(must, should, would, ought to, have to, needn't, can, could, may)

1. I... not go to the theatre with them last night, I... revise the grammar rules and the words for the test. 2. My friend lives a long way from his office and... get up early. 3. All of us... be in time for classes. 4. When my friend has his English, he... stay at the office after work. He (not)... stay at the office on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday and... get home early. 5.... you... work hard to do well in your English? 6.... we discuss this question now? No, we.... We... do it tomorrow afternoon. 7. I'm glad you... come. 8. ... you... come and have dinner with us tomorrow? I'd love to. 9. Please send them this article. Oh,... I do it now?

Unit 3

What is a computer?

Computer is device for processing information. Computer has no intelligence by itself and is called hardware. A computer system is a combination of four elements:

· Hardware

· Software

· Procedures

· Data/information

Software are the programmes that tell the hardware how to perform a task. Without software instructions, the hardware doesn’t know what to do.

The basic job of the computer is the form of instructions called programs and symbols called data. After that they perform various mathematical and logical operations, and then give the results (information). Computer is used to convert data into information. Computer is also used to store information in the digital form.

Vocabulary:

Device устройство

Intelligence разум

Hardware оборудование

Software программы

Processing обработка

Procedures процедуры, операции

to perform выполнять

Manner манера, способ

Various различные

Purpose цель

to convert превращать

Data данные

to store хранить

Digital цифровой

 

I. Answer the questions:

1) What does the term «computer» describe?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2) Is computer intelligent?

_________________________________________________________________________

3) What are four components of computer system?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4) What is software?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5) What's the difference between the hardware and software?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6) In what way terms «data» and «information» differ?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7) How does computer convert data into information?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

II. Translate into Russian

Computer, diskette, metal, processor, scanner, information, data, microphone, printer, modem, Internet.

V. Translate the text

IMB (international business Machines) launched the PC in 1981. Improved versions quickly followed. The basic PC had just 64K (K=Kilobyte) of RAM. RAM is (R)andom (A)ccess (M)emory, the computer's built-it memory, used for holding the instruction programs, for working space, and working storage. The first PC had one floppy-disk drive. Floppy disks are a mean of electronically recording computer programs and computer output.

The disks are “read” and “written to” in a disk drive. They are called “floppy” disks because, initially, they were.

Today, huge-capacity storage disks are built into most computers.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ask some questions to the text.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1.Translate the sentences from Russian into English:

1)Компьютер – это устройство для обработки информации.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2)Без программ устройство не работает.

______________________________________________________________________

3)Компьютерная система состоит из 4 элементов:

· Оборудование

· Программы

· Операции

· Данные

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4)В 1981 году в ПК было только 64 килобайта оперативной памяти.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5)У первого ПК был один дисковод.

______________________________________________________________________

6)Компьютер превращает данные в информацию.

______________________________________________________________________

7)Компьютер сохраняет информацию в цифровом виде.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8)Компьютер выполняет разные математические и логические операции.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9)Информация в форме инструкций называется программой.

______________________________________________________________________ 3.Give some information about computers.

 

Unit 4

What is hardware?

The hardware- the devices composing a computer system.

Computer hardware can be divided into four categories:

· input hardware.

· processing hardware.

· storage hardware.

· output hardware.

Input hardware

Input hardware collects data and converts them into a form suitable for computer processing. The most common input device is a keyboard. It looks very much like a typewriter. The mouse is hand-held device connected to the computer by a small cable. As the mouse is rolled across the desktop, the cursor moves across the screen. When the cursor reaches the desired location, the user usually pushes a button on the mouse once or twice to give a command to the computer.

Processing hardware

 

Processing hardware directs the execution of software instructions in the computer. The most common components of processing hardware are the central processing unit and main memory.

The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It reads and interprets software instructions and coordinates the processing.

Memory is the component of the computer in which information is stored. There are two types of computer memory: RAM and ROM.

RAM (random access memory) is the memory, used for creating, loading and running programs.

ROM (read only memory) is computer memory used to hold programmed instructions to the system.

The more memory you have in your computer, the more operations you can perform.

Storage hardware

The purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and date hardware.

There are two types of output; soft copy and hard copy. Soft copy is information that is seen on a television-like screen, of monitor, attached to most computers. It is temporary; as soon as the monitor is turned off or new information is required, the old information vanishes. Hard copy is output printed in a tangible form such as on paper. It can be read without using the computer and can be conveniently carried around, written on, or passed to other readers.

Vocabulary:

 

Keyboard клавиатура

Mouse мышь

to load загружать

Instruction команда

Error message сообщение об ошибки

Input ввод

Output вывод информации

Button кнопка

Memory память

to create создавать

Soft copy мягкая копия, изображение на экране

Hard copy твердая копия, машинная (печатная)

to attach подсоединяться, подключать

Passive Voice

Времена страдательного залога образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени и причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола.

 

1.) Rewrite these sentences in the Passive using Present Simple Tense:

1. Students write tests every month.

______________________________________________________________________

2. They make beautiful toys at this factory.

______________________________________________________________________

3. They export millions of cars from Japan every year.

______________________________________________________________________

4. Watchmakers repair watches.

______________________________________________________________________

5. The bill includes service.

______________________________________________________________________

6. They close the shop. at 8.

______________________________________________________________________

7. He translates articles every day.

______________________________________________________________________

8. She doesn't send telegrams before every holiday.

______________________________________________________________________

2.) Supply the Passive forms of the verbs in the box, using the Past Simple Tense: invent, plant, kill, write, discover, design, paint, build, name:

1. When _____________ America_____________________________________?

2. Five fruit-trees _________________________________ in our garden last year.

3. The picture Mona Liza___________________________ by Leonardo da Vinci.

4. Marat __________________________________________________ in his bath.

5. Radio ________________________________________________ by A.Popov.

6. The first pyramid of Egypt _____________________________around 3000 BC.

7. The Winter Palace _______________________________________by Rastrelli.

8. "War and Peace" _______________________________________by L.Tolstoy.

9. Rossi street ____________________________after a famous Russian architect.

3.) Make the following sentences active:

1. Peripheral devices can be attached to the computer.

______________________________________________________________________

2. Computer instructions are also called programs.

______________________________________________________________________

3. This work is usually performed manually.

______________________________________________________________________

4. Computers are used to monitor environmental problems.

______________________________________________________________________

5. Today the lives of most of us are affected by a computer every day.

______________________________________________________________________

6. This program was damaged by a computer virus.

______________________________________________________________________

7. The ’crash behavior’ of the airplane was determined by the scientists.

______________________________________________________________________

8. This monitor was designed by Dell Corp.

______________________________________________________________________

4.) Make the following sentences passive:

1. Hardware also includes peripheral devices.

______________________________________________________________________

2. Educators use computers in the classroom.

______________________________________________________________________

3. Scientists can build computer models of airplane crashes.

______________________________________________________________________

4. Today many businesses and organizations own computers.

______________________________________________________________________

5. These organizations use computers for different purposes.

______________________________________________________________________

6. Computers can process data in a fraction of time.

______________________________________________________________________

7. Engineers use computers to design replacement for the damaged bone.

______________________________________________________________________

8. Computers are changing our life.

______________________________________________________________________

 

Unit 5

Software

Not visible units the software. Software consists of the instruction to the computer that enable it to do things, such as finding the best sport to drill for oil or playing a competitive game of bridge. These computer instructions are also called programs.

Computers only do what they are told to do. Often, we want the computer to do the same thing again and again. So standard instructions – programs – are produced.

First though, a computer needs to know where, within its built-in memory, to store information and how to work on it. This basic program is called an operating system (or disk operating system).

One popular operating system, introduced with the IBM PC, is called MS-DOS (from (M)icro(S)oft (D)isk (O)preating (S)ystem). A recent development from MS-DOS lets you tell the computer what to do by “pointing” at things (words or pictures) on the screen. This easy to use system is called Windows.

Once the computer has its operating instructions it can be programmed to do many other things. Popular computer programs include word processors, databases, spreadsheets and graphics:

· Word processors produce the printed words – immaculately.

· Databases store masses of information – for easy access.

· Spreadsheets record and process numbers.

· Graphics programs produce graphs and diagrams.

Vocabulary:

Data base база данных

Access доступ

Graphic графика

Operating system операционная система

to enable разрешать, позволять, допускать

Spreadsheet электронная таблица

to record записывать

Built-in встроенный

Disk operating system дисковая операционная система

Word processor текстовый процессор

Directory директория

Root корневой

Subdirectory субдиректория

Unit 6

Internet

 

THE ORIGINS OF THE INTERNET

Text

Part I

The Internet is a global computer network.

Millions of people around the world use the Internet to search for and retrieve information on all sorts of topics, such as arts, business, humanities, news, politics, recreation and others. People communicate through electronic mail (e-mail), discussion groups, chat channels and other means of informational exchange. They share information and make commercial and business transaction.

How did Internet get started?

The Internet began in the late 1960s as an experiment by the U.S Department of Defense to see if a non-centralized network could be built to 'withstand the destruction of one or more of its parts. Unlike previous networks, this new network did not have a single central point. Instead, all sites on the network were interconnected.

Out of this network came a protocol for linking computers together.

A protocol is a set of standards for how network communication takes place. The protocol is called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/lnternet Protocol). This protocol is the standard that makes it possible for different computers all over the globe to talk to each other. The TCP/IP protocol is the foundation of the Internet.

 

Part II

At first, the Internet was used solely by the US government, but soon universities and other institutions connected themselves to the Internet to communicate with one another and collaborate on projects. The Internet grew to connect hundreds or different sites all across the world. Each organization on the Internet was responsible for maintaining its part of the network, so the Internet was not owned or controlled by anyone organization.

Today, the Internet connects up to 40 million people around the globe and is growing by as much as 10% per month.

The Internet is like a system of roads, freeways, and bridges. The term "Information Superhighway" describes how the Internet works. From road in any city, you can get to almost any other road in any other. From your computer you can send all electronic mail message to icone sitting at a computer in Helsinki, Warsaw, or Moscow.

Internet access companies or Internet Service Providers (lSP) vide physical connections that allow you to access the internet.

These connections are called "POPs,” which stands for "points of sence."

Your computer uses a modem to dial into a POP, which connects you to the Internet. Once connected to a POP, you have access to all the resources of the Internet. Most ISP's will also supply you with software available for work in the Internet: a Web browser.

Vocabulary:

извлекать; развлечение; гуманитарные науки; делить; единственный; узел глобальной сети (всемирной паутины), Министерство обороны; выдержать, противостоять; сайт передача информации в глобальной сети; Протокол управления передачей/ межсетевой протокол   сеть Агентства перспективных исследовательских разработок, сеть ARPA; автострада, многопутная дорога (амер.) автострада высшего качества (амер.) провайдер (компания, предоставляющая доступ удаленным пользователям к Интернету по коммутируемым или выделенным линиям); компьютерные программы; Web-браузер; средство просмотра Web почтовый протокол; хост (сетевой узел) ведущий адрес (адрес, присвоенный главному сетевому узлу); масштаб, размер; подсеть; запрос; сервер; почтальон (программа доставки электронной почты адресату); программа для электронной почты; удаленный; виртуальная цепь, виртуальный канал не работающий, не функционирующий (о компьютере); не доставленное сообщение.

to retrieve

recreation

humanities

to share

sole

website

department of defense

to withstand

site

network communication

TCP/IP (Transmission

Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol)

ARPANET

 

Freeway

Superhighway

Internet Service

Providers

 

software program

web browser

POP

host

host address

 

scale

subnet

query

server

mailer

 

email software

remote

virtual circuit

down

 

undeliverable message

I. Answer the following questions:

1. What is Internet?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.Who uses Internet'?

______________________________________________________________________

3.When and how did Internet get started?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4.What is the TCP/IP protocol?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5.Who provides physical connections that allow the access to the Internet?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What are called "POPs"?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

II. Translate into Russian:

1. The Internet, a global computer network which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in US in 1969 as a military experiment.

2. Most of the Internet host computers (more than 50%) are in the United States, while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries.

3. When they send e-mail messages, they only have pay for phone calls to their local service provides, not for calls across their countries or around world.

4. The WWW is a part of the Internet, but it’s not a collection of networks.

However, there are still both commercial and technical problems, which will take time to be resolved.

 

III. Make the following sentences active:

· The Internet was designed to survive a nuclear war.

______________________________________________________________________

· This technology is called packet switching.

______________________________________________________________________

· The rest of the Internet host computers are located in more than 100 other computers.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

· The data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

IV. Agree or disagree:

1.The Internet isn't a global computer network.

______________________________________________________________________

2.Most of the people who have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending

e-mail messages.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. The Internet began in the late 1960s as an experiment by the U.S. Department of Defense.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Today, the Internet doesn't connect up to 40 million people around the globe and is growing by as much as 10% per month.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. From your computer you cannot send an electronic mail message to someone sitting at a computer in Helsinki, Warsaw, or Moscow.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Your computer uses a modem to dial into a POP, which connects you to the Internet.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Unit 7

Messages.

Lesson I.

Vocabulary:

 

enough - достаточно

room - место

such – такой

usage – использование, применение

warning - предупреждение

allocation – назначение, размещение

partition - часть

destination – адресат, место назначения

communication - связь

all – весь, вся, все

а) параметр б) синтаксис, правила оформления выражений, команд в) спецификация, описание г) код, система кодирования д) число, количество, цифр е) формат, форматировать, размечать ж) параллельный, параллель

1) Translate the words.

1. code

2. number

3. format

4. parameter

5. syntax

6. specification

7. parallel

Find English equivalent.

	1. enough, 2. such, 3. warning, 4. room, 5. usage 1. user, 2. use, 3. space, 4. usage, 5. such 1. such, 2. usage, 3. enough, 4. key, 5. space 1. back, 2. enough, 3. room, 4. warning, 5. such 1. personal, 2. warning, 3. keyboard, 4. usage, 5. room

а) место

б) использование

в) достаточно

г) такой

д) предупреждение

 

4) Translate the messages.

 

1. Error in drive. ______________________________________________________________________

2. No such file or directory.

______________________________________________________________________

3. No room for system on disk.

______________________________________________________________________

4. No room in directory for file.

______________________________________________________________________

5. No room in root directory.

______________________________________________________________________

6. No system files on drive.

______________________________________________________________________

7. Non – DOS disk.

______________________________________________________________________

8. Out of memory.

9. Errors on device. ______________________________________________________________________ 10. To or from X drive. ______________________________________________________________________ 11. Second diskette in drive. ______________________________________________________________________ 12. On subdirectories. ______________________________________________________________________ 13. Not enough memory for allocation. ______________________________________________________________________ 14. Warning. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. Read and translate the text. Disks A disk is a storage medium consisting of a flat, circular, magnetic surface on which information can be recorded. You will receive several discs with your computer. These contain information and programs, and are ready to use. Blank disks can be used to store your own information and programs, but these disks must be formatted before they can be used. Disks may be write-protected. This means you can read from but not write to the disk, making it impossible to write accidentally over information. Computers store information on disks in files. A file is a collection of related information such as a computer program or the text of a letter. Each file is given a unique name, and each filename is stored in a directory.

______________________________________________________________________

Lesson II.

Vocabulary:

to prepare - готовить

signature – сигнатура, показатель

bad – плохой, неподходящий

current – текущий, нынешний, современный

default– умолчание; предполагаемый, устанавливаемый по умолчанию

failure – отказ, сбой, неудача

font- шрифт, комплект шрифта

handle – манипулировать, обрабатывать

overflow - переполнение

pipe – перекачивание, передача

probable- вероятный, возможный

search- поиск

size - размер

space – пространство, место

switch – переключатель, параметр (опция) команды

 

illegal

недопустимый неправильный недействительный несовместимый противоречивый бесконечный, беспредельный недостаточный невосстанавливаемый негодный, неиспользуемый неподходящий неперемещаемый

incorrect

invalid

incompatible

inconsistent

infinite

insufficient

unrecoverable

unusable

unsuitable

non- removable

 

Translate the words.

	1. switch, 2. search, 3. size, 4. space, 5. erase 1. key, 2. keyboard, 3. fond, 4. default, 5. failure 1. probable, 2. current, 3. bad, 4. insufficient, 1. space, 2. current, 3. probable, 4. pipe, 5. search 1. size, 2. search, 3. space, 4. switch, 5. break 1. fond, 2. default, 3. handle, 4. switch, 5. pipe

а) поиск

б) шрифт

в) плохой, неподходящий

г) перекачивание

д) переключение

е) умолчание

 

 

Structure.

Read the messages. Pay attention to the structure.

а)bad command прилагательное + существительное

неверная команда

б)input file существительное + существительное

входной файл

 

в)end of input file существительное + существительное

окончание входного файла

 

1. Write down the numbers of the sentences concerning the following structures.

1. list device; 2. printer file; 3.path of parameter; 4. current directory; 5. root directory; 6. invalid path; 7. incorrect parameter; 8. destination disk; 9. invalid argument; 10. default file; 11. bad file; 12. file name; 13. allocation table; 14. DOS partition; 15. input file; 16. device drive; 17. current date; 18. internal command.

а)_____________________________________________________________________

б)____________________________________________________________________

в)_____________________________________________________________________

 

2. Translate the word combinations.

Root directory, destination disk, graphics printer file, name of device, input file, incorrect number of parameters, insufficient space, volume label, insufficient room, parallel printer, keyboard system file, non – system drive error, invalid drive specification, current keyboard code, insufficient disk space, illegal device name, incompatible system size, incorrect DOS version.

а) неверные параметры б) неверное количество параметров в) неверный номер параметров   а) неверная команда и файл имени б) неверная команда и имя файла в) неверная команда или имя файла   а) достаточно места на диске б) недостаточно места на диске в) диск достаточного объёма

3. Choose the correct translation.

1. incorrect number of parameters

 

 

2. bad command of file name

 

 

3. insufficient disk space

 

 

а) не помещайте систему на диск, на который осуществляется копирование б) нет пространственной системы на диске, на которой осуществляется копирование в) нет места для системы на диске, на которой осуществляется копирование   а) синтаксическая ошибка б) ошибочный синтаксис в) ошибки в синтаксисе   а) система клавиатуры б) системная клавиатура в) клавиатура в системе   а) читайте файл “x” б) неверное чтение файла “x” в) ошибка при чтении файла “x”   а) ошибка при создании файла б) ошибочно созданный файл в) создание файла с ошибкой   а) определите дисковод правильно б) неверное определение дисковода в) неверно определенный дисковод

4. no room for system on destination disk

 

 

5. syntax error

 

 

6. keyboard system

 

 

7. read error in the file “x”

 

8. file creation error

 

 

9. invalid drive specification

Translate the messages.

1.Invalid current directory.

______________________________________________________________________

2. Bad command or file name.

______________________________________________________________________

3. Incorrect number of parameters.

______________________________________________________________________

4. Not a graphics printer file.

______________________________________________________________________

5. No room for system on destination disk.

______________________________________________________________________

6. No room in root directory.

______________________________________________________________________

7. End of input file.

______________________________________________________________________

8. Invalid character of volume label.

______________________________________________________________________

9. Invalid parameter.

______________________________________________________________________

10. Error in file.

______________________________________________________________________

11. Memory allocation error.

______________________________________________________________________

12. Syntax error.

______________________________________________________________________

13. Non-system disk or disk error.

______________________________________________________________________

14. Allocation error in file.

______________________________________________________________________

15. Probable non-DOS disk.

______________________________________________________________________

16. Illegal device name.

______________________________________________________________________

5. Read the text and translate.

Directories

MS-DOS lets you organize the files on your disk into directories. Directories are a way of dividing your files into convenient groups. A directory may contain any number of files, but it is often more convenient to separate the files into subdirectories. The method of organizing the disk is like a tree where the files are the leaves of the tree and the directories are the branches. (The first directory is called the “ROOT”.)

MS-DOS needs a pathname to find its way to a particular file. You must tell the computer which directory it is to use as its current working directory-that is, the directory you wish to work in. The current working directory is often called the default directory.

Lesson III.

Vocabulary:

 

complete – полный, завершенный

to complete – завершать, заканчивать

present– присутствующий, имеющийся

range – диапазон, пределы чего-либо

out of range– за пределами (допустимого) диапазона

support – поддержка

track – дорожка на диске, дискете

source - источник

queue - очередь

full - полный

empty - пустой

target – цель, объект, на который направлено действие

environment – среда, конфигурация

copyright – авторское право

sequence- последовательность

contiguous – смежный, прилегающий, непрерывный

available – имеющийся в наличии

bootable – способный выполнить начальную нагрузку

suitable - подходящий

removable - перемещаемый

usable - используемый

compatible – совместимый, сочетаемый

Translate the words.

способный к начальной нагрузке --oot----

имеющийся в наличии av-------

перемещаемый rem------

совместимый --mpa-----

используемый --sa---

подходящий -uit----

Lesson IV

Vocabulary:

Side – сторона

Continue – продолжать

Specify – устанавливать, определять

Transfer – переход, перенос

Batch – группа