Направление: 150400 «Металлургия»

(4 семестр)

Вариант № 1

 

Задание I. Определите в следующих предложениях форму и функцию герундия; переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Besides being very involved this procedure is very costly. 2. Instead of using chlorine, they took bromine. 3. A committee has been established for the purpose of coordinating the schedule of the conference. 4. They were against postponing the discussion of the problem of metal tarnishing. 5. He is against carrying out a set of experiments. 6. We know of Yablochkov's having found a brilliant solution to the difficult problem of using the electric arc for lighting. 7. While heavy atoms can be made to release energy by splitting, light atoms, such as hydrogen, can yield energy by being fused together.

 

Задание II. Определите функцию и форму причастия в предложении; предложения переведите:

1. In the lecture hall we heard the professor explaining a new theory to the students. 2. At the blast-furnace shop, the students watched molten metal being drawn off through the tapping hole. 3. Have you ever seen a conveyor moving steel bars? 4. The film demonstrated at the lecture showed the process of boiling in a closed vessel. 5. The line showing the direction of a moving body is its trajectory. 6. The lines shown in this table in red are the time-temperature curves.

 

Задание III. Определите форму и функцию инфинитива в предложении; предложения переведите:

1. He is believed to have carried out a number of successful tests. 2. I want you to translate this article for my report tomorrow. 3. Many ores to be found in the Orenburg region are of great value to the industry. 4. Certain properties of matter appear to be always the same under definite conditions. For example, the freezing point of pure water at a pressure of one standard atmosphere is assumed to be invariable. 5. They are glad to have obtained such effective results. 6. Most alloys are known to be made by smelting the metals together.

 

Задание IV. Переведите письменно текст, пользуясь металлургическим словарем:

Sintering Plants

Sintering is used for converting fine-grained ore concentrate into larger pieces which are better suited for the blast furnace process. This can be carried out in batches in tiltable pellets or continuously on a conveyor type of sintering machine. The furnace and conveyor machine both have a cast grid base with intervening gaps for the extraction of combustion gases. The charge, which consists of a mixture of ore concentrate, limestone and coal dust, is ignited in both cases from above by means of a burner placed over the surface of the charge. A suction box is connected to the underside of the grid, and the vacuum it creates causes the combustion front to move down through the charge.

In the sintering process, high-temperature materials are used principally in the form of castings for the grids, and sheet for the suction boxes and burners in the firing hoods. The grids are subjected to relatively abrupt temperature variations between the charging of cold ore concentrate mixture, up to the ignition and discharge of the sintered material. The most common material problems in this application are the deformations caused by high and fluctuating temperatures.

Since both the ore and the coal dust also contain sulphur, type 153 MA and 253 MA steels are more suitable than alloys with higher nickel contents. By employing castings with a

higher carbon content and a special cast structure, a creep strength which is higher than that of rolled material is assured. Cast grids of 253 MA steel have been proved dimensionally stable over a long period of time in service, without the gas permeability being affected or the grids becoming jammed.

 

Вариант № 2

 

Задание I. Определите в следующих предложениях форму и функцию герундия; переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. All the laboratory assistants will be for starting the experiments at once. 2. On finding that the apparatus was working badly, they stopped their experiments. 3. It is worth while discussing this phenomenon. 4. Solid bodies have the property of keeping their shape without supporting of a vessel. 5. In spite of having met with failure the young scientists continued experimenting. 6. It is no use speaking of increasing the temperature. 7. It is no good arguing about conductivity of rubber.

 

Задание II. Определите функцию и форму причастия в предложении; предложения переведите:

1. In the research laboratory, students observed test-tubes being washed in a special solution. 2. The elements involved varied in their properties greatly. 3. If carried out carefully, the experiment gives reliable data. 4. The laboratory equipped with modern devices belongs to the physical department. 5. We keep the materials used for laboratory works only on these stands. 6. The information received from ten sputniks helped the scientists to solve the problem of the long-distance communication.

 

Задание III. Определите форму и функцию инфинитива в предложении; предложения переведите:

1. These substances are said to form an alloy. 2. The engineer saw the voltage increase rapidly. 3. The sky was seen to be darkening. 4. The problem to be solved is difficult. 5. The device to be tested will arrive to the plant tomorrow. 6. Plastics are supposed to be used instead of metals in many cases.

 

Задание IV. Переведите письменно текст, пользуясь словарем:

Blast Furnace Plants

In blast furnaces, high-temperature materials are used typically for the recuperators employed for preheating the blast air by means of the furnace gas, the charging mechanism for pulverized stock charged into the furnace, the circulation fans, gas piping, etc. The coking ovens used for producing the blast furnace coke are also equipped with recuperators for recovering heat from the hot gases. High-temperature steels may also be necessary for the discharge doors and collecting grids of the coking ovens, which are subjected to high temperatures and abrupt temperature changes in conjunction with water cooling.

The temperature in the recuperators may vary from 1150°C at the hot-gas inlet end, down to the ambient outdoor temperature at the combustion air intake. Since both the coking oven gas and the blast furnace gas contain sulphur, ferritic chromium steels have commonly been used, which has led to problems of creep deformation in the hottest zones. Since both 153 MA and 253 MA steels have much higher creep strength than ferritic steels, they are better suited to this application. They also have better resistance to sulphur-rich gases than comparable high-temperature steels and nickel-base alloys.

Avesta 253 MA steel has also been successfully used in expansion bellows for hot gases. Expansion bellows for recuperator installations used to be made of type AISI 321 and 304 steels, but after change-over to 253 MA steel, their working life increased from 3-6 months to several years.

 

 

Вариант № 3

Задание I. Определите в следующих предложениях форму и функцию герундия; переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. At last our research workers succeeded in getting good results. 2. Heating the wire from 0 degree to 100 degrees increases its resistance approximately by 40%. 3. The teacher insists on carrying out this experiment in our laboratory. 4. The new installation will rarely need renewing. 5. The process of overcoming the attractive forces between the molecules of a substance is called melting. 6. In the process of boiling heat is constantly added to the liquid. 7. After melting, the average speed of the molecules remains the same as before.

 

Задание II. Определите функцию и форму причастия в предложении; предложения переведите:

1. The rate of the reaction depends on the nature of the substance involved. 2. A piece of iron placed in the container with an acid can diminish in mass. 3. The substance begins to melt if heated to a sufficient temperature. 4. With the help of a computer, the group solved the problem using only a hundred part of the time necessary for solving it without any electronic devices. 5. Having investigated all the properties, developers stated that these gases were harmful. 6. The analysis made last week added a lot of new information to what we knew about the compound.

 

Задание III. Определите форму и функцию инфинитива в предложении; предложения переведите:

1. As a result of many experiments, chemists have been able to determine the relative weights of different elements. 2. Observations were made partially in order to determine if there was any relation between these two elements. 3. The In order to liquefy a gas at a temperature below its critical, it is practically necessary only to compress the gas. 4. The research workers carried on hard work to find out all the missing properties of the substance. 5. To understand this phenomenon is to understand the structure of atoms. 6. The amount of water was not enough to carry out the desired experiment.

 

Задание IV. Переведите письменно текст, пользуясь металлургическим словарем: