XV. Translate the following sentences paying attention to non-finite forms of the verb.

1. In 1925 several laws were passed in England in an attempt to simplify the system of holding and transferring land.

2. Many legal systems have laws to protect land-users.

3. Most countries have regulations about using land for business purposes. In England, for example, a private house cannot be turned into a store without permission of the local authorities.

4. Every country has its own set of laws designed specifically to regulate business.

5. The attempts of the European Community to create a single market by 1993 show how difficult it can be to harmonize business laws.

6. In some societies the family is thought to be so important that there is very little legal intervention in family life.

7. In Britain there are special family courts with strong powers to control and transfer private property in the interests of children.

8. The Chinese government has responded to a growing demand for better quality goods by setting up special courts to deal with companies.

9. One important area to consider is the treatment of citizens suspected of crimes.

10. Swedes, Canadians and Japanese have more freedom to say what they want than Chinese or South Africans.

11. Another problem manufactures now have to worry about is what to do when someone threatens to put poison or glass or some other harmful substance in a product to be consumed by the public. In Japan, organized crime associations and individual employees have often used such threats in order to get money from a company. Even when the company could find no evidence of the threat having been carried out, it has usually decided to pay the money rather than take the risk of losing its sales.

 

XVI. Read and translate the following.

The Stupidest Criminals.

1. An Italian who turned to snatching handbags to finance his drug addiction came unstuck[1], when he robbed his own mother by mistake. The woman was walking along the street when her son, who didn’t see her face until it was too late, sped past on a motorcycle and snatched her bag. Recognizing him, his mother was so angry she reported him to the police.

2. A Russian man arrived at his country retreat near Arkhangelsk, Russia, on the White Sea and found the entire house stolen, complete with outhouses and fences, leaving just a vegetable patch.

3. Two prisoners tried to escape from an appearance at a court in Watford, England. Forgetting that they were handcuffed together, they ran on either side of a lamppost. Having hurtled into one another, the stunned pair was grabbed by the guard and bundled into a waiting prison van.

4. Members of a British Rail cricket team turned up[2] for the first match of the season at their field near Kidderminster, England. The pavilion had disappeared. How one steals an eight-room building without anyone noticing remains a mystery.

5. Steven Kemble was arrested in St. George, when he tried to flee after shoplifting a CD. After being briefly detained by a store clerk, he broke free, dashed out the door, and ran into a pillar in front of the shop, knocking himself unconscious.

6. Three imprisoned robbers broke out of a new jail in France by climbing ladders left behind by workmen. The workers had been erecting wires intended to deter helicopter-aided escapes from the prison yard, but in preventing the high-tech breakouts[3], they seem to have forgotten all about the low-tech ones.

 

Библиографический список

 

1. Беляева М.А. Грамматика английского языка. – М.: Высшая школа, 1977 С. 330.

2. Gordon E.M., Krilova I.P. The English verbals. - M.: Международные отношения, 1973. С. 215.

3. Каушанская В.Л., Ковнер Р.Л. Грамматика английского языка. – Л.: Государственное учебно-педагогическое издательство Министерства просвещения РСФСР, 1963. С. 318.

4. Кобрина Н.А., Корнеева Е.А. Грамматика английского языка. – М.: Просвещение, 1985. С.287.

5. Куценко Л.И., Тимофеева Г.И. Английский язык: Учебное пособие. - М.: Щит – М., 1999. С. 288.

6. Комаровская С.Д. Английский язык для юристов. - М.: Книжный дом «Университет», 2000. С. 352.

7. Raymond Murphy. English Grammar in Use. Cambridge University Press, 1985.

8. Powell, Richard. Law Today. Longman Group UK Limited, 1993. С.123.

9. Христорождественская Л.И. Английский язык. – Минск: Харвест, 1999. С. 413.

10. Гуманова Ю.Л., Коралева-МакАри В.А., Свешникова М.Л., Тихомирова Е.В. Just English. Английский для юристов. Базовый курс. М., 2000. С. 236.

 

 

[1] unstuck (slang) – ruined.

 

[2] to turn up – to arrive, to appear.

[3] a breakout – an escape.