Переведите письменно 2 – 3 абзацы текста.

Вариант 4

1. Перепишите предложения, подчеркнув придаточные предложения. Укажите тип придаточного предложения и переведите их на русский язык.

For a long time Bell couldn’t get the results that he was looking for.

Белл не мог долгое время получить результаты, которые он искал (определительное придаточное предложение).

1. I wanted to know what significant developments are used in telegraphy nowadays.

2. Clearly identify the users’ needs lest your software cause confusion while running it.

3. We hope we’ll buy the computer your friend spoke so much about.

4. Computers are products of science and technology that are, in turn, having an enormous impact on science and technology.

5. Many electrical engineers and scientists believe that the ultimate limits of size in these circuits might soon be reached.

6. One of the problems Kurchatov worked at was the problem of mastering controlled thermonuclear reactions.

7. The transistor is a semiconductor triode possessing characteristics which are similar to those of thermionic triodes.

8. If the temperature is low, the reaction will proceed slowly.

2. Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык и определите функции should, would в предложениях.

We should introduce this method if it were efficient (вспомогательный глагол при образовании сослагательного наклонения). A magnet would attract pieces of iron (модальный глагол).

Мы бы ввели этот метод, если бы он был эффективным.   Магнит обычно притягивает куски железа.

1. He said that I should mention my work.

2. Without radio electronics there would be no cybernetics, cosmonautics and nuclear physics.

3. Write down the algorithm of computer operations lest you should make errors.

4. If we placed a small bulb in a complete circuit, it would light up.

5. A Winchester would provide faster access to large amounts of information.

6. If he had not used this formula, he would not have made this mistake.

7. To have got a better mark, you should have checked your answer more thoroughly.

8. He reported that future modifications and technology innovations would be able to blur the distinctions between appliances.

9. Before beginning the experiment one should carefully read all the instructions.

10. It is necessary that the data received should be highly accurate.

3. Перепишите предложения, обратив внимание на различные значения выделенных слов. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

This formula is not so simple as you think.   This is due to the raise of temperature.

Эта формула не такая простая, как вы думаете. Это происходит из-за повышения температуры.

1. Due to reduced size and weight microelectronics may be used to increase the speed of the equipment.

2. Because the digital pulses can be regenerated perfectly no noise or other degradation is apparent at the receiving end.

3. He was working at that design for two days.

4. Potential is really neither a force nor a pressure.

5. There are two kinds of transformation which are known as physical and chemical changes.

6. Transistors are very sensitive both to the action of light and to that of nuclear particles.

7. Since mineral deposits on the earth are not unlimited it is possible that future man will use mineral deposits on the moon.

4. Прочтите текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание. Выполните задания после текста.

Computer Viruses

1. A computer virus is a self-replicating computer program written to alter the way a computer operates, without the permission or knowledge of the user. Though the term is commonly used to refer to a range of malware, a true virus must replicate itself, and must execute itself. The latter criteria are often met by a virus which replaces existing executable files with a virus-infected copy. While viruses can be intentionally destructive-destroying data, for example – some viruses are benign or merely annoying.

2. A computer virus behaves in a way similar to a biological virus, which spreads by inserting itself into living cells. It will pass from one computer to another like a real life biological virus passes from person to person. For example, it is estimated by experts that the Mydoom worm infected a quarter-million computers in a single day in January 2004.

Unlike biological viruses, computer viruses do not simply evolve by themselves. Computer viruses do not come into existence spontaneously, nor are they likely to be created by bugs in regular programs. They are deliberately created by programmers, or by people who use virus creation software. Computer viruses can only do what the programmers have programmed them to do.

3. Virus writers can have various reasons for creating and spreading malware. Viruses have been written as research projects, pranks, vandalism, to attack the products of specific companies, to distribute political messages etc. Some virus writers consider their creations to be works of art, and see virus writing as a creative hobby. Additionally, many virus writers oppose deliberately destructive payload routines. Some viruses were intended as «good viruses». They spread improvements to the programs they infect, or delete other viruses. These viruses are, however, quite rare, still consume system resources, may accidentally damage systems they infect, and, on occasion, have become infected and acted as vectors for malicious viruses. A poorly written «good virus» can also inadvertently become a virus in and of itself (for example, such a ‘good virus’ may misidentify its target file and delete an innocent system file by mistake). Moreover, they normally operate without asking for the permission of the computer owner. Since self-replicating code causes many complications, it is questionable if a well-intentioned virus can ever solve a problem in a way that is superior to a regular program that does not replicate itself.

4. Releasing computer viruses (as well as worms) is a crime in most jurisdictions.

Some viruses are programmed to damage the computer by damaging programs, deleting files, or reformatting the hard disk. Others are not designed to do any damage, but simply replicate themselves and make their presence known by presenting text, video, or audio messages. Even these benign viruses can create problems for the computer user. They typically take up computer memory used by legitimate programs. As a result, they often cause erratic behavior and can result in system crashes. In addition, many viruses are bug-ridden, and these bugs may lead to system crashes and data loss.

Notes:

malware	проблемы в работе оборудования
executable file	исполнимый (исполняемый) файл, файл с программой или командный файл
to evolve	развиваться
payload	полезная нагрузка
malicious	злонамеренный
target file	файл-мишень

5. Укажите, какие из данных утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста.

1. Some viruses can be highly destructive.

2. In its behavior, computer viruses are quite different from biological viruses.

3. In most countries, releasing computer viruses is considered to be a crime.

6. Выберите правильные ответы на вопросы.

1. Do computer viruses appear spontaneously or they are created by virus writers?

(a) they are created by virus writers;

(b) they appear spontaneously.

2. Do computer viruses usually operate with or without asking for the permission of a computer user?

(a) without asking;

(b) with permission.

7. Прочитайте предложения. Выберите правильный вариант перевода.

1. Some virus writers consider their creations to be works of art.

(a) Некоторые авторы вирусов считают их создания произведениями искусства.

(b) Некоторые авторы вирусов считают их создания работами искусства.

2. A poorly written «good virus» can also inadvertently become a virus in and of itself.

(a) Бедно написанный “хороший вирус” может непреднамеренно стать вирусом сам из себя.

(b) Плохо написанный “хороший вирус” может стать вирусом сам по себе.

3. Some viruses are not designed to do any damage, but simply replicate themselves and make their presence known by presenting text, video, or audio messages.

(a) Некоторые вирусы не ставят цель нанести вред, а лишь воспроизводят себя, дают о себе знать в виде появляющегося текста, изображения или звукового сообщения.

(b) Некоторые вирусы не предназначены для нанесения вреда, а лишь воспроизводят себя и делают их присутствие, представляя текст, изображение или звуковые сообщения.