Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

cGMP

Diacylglycerol

AMP

Ca2+ ions

164. A child has an acute renal failur e. What biochemical factor found in saliva can confirm this diagnosis?

Increase in concentration of higher fatty acids

Decrease in nucleic acid concentration

Increase in glucose concentration

Decrease in glucose concentration

Increase in urea concentration

165. A patient with a serious trauma of his upper extremity has an impaired regeneration of cartilaginous tissue as a result of a damage done to poorly differentiated cells of cartilage lineag e. What cells has been damaged?

The cells coming from the blood vessels

The cells of the young cartilage

The cells of the internal perichondrium

The cells of the external perichondrium

The cells constituting isogenic groups

166. A patient sufferinf from glomerulonephritis was found to have anasarca, AP of 185/105 mm Hg, anaemia, leukocytosis, hyperazotemia, hypoproteinemi a. What factor indicates that glomerulonephritis has been complicated by the nephrotic syndrome?

Anaemia

Arterial hypertension

Hypoproteinemia

Hyperazotemia

Leukocytosis

167. Examination of a bronchial tissue sample revealed atrophy of mucous membrane, cystic degeneration of glands, focal metaplastic changes of lining prismatic epithelial cells into multilayer squamous cells; increase in goblet cell number; in some parts of bronchial wall and especially in the mucous membrane there was marked cellular inflammatory infiltration and growth of granulation tissue bulging into the bronchial lumen in form of a polyp. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Acute bronchitis

Bronchopneumonia

Chronic bronchitis

Lobar pneumonia

Interstitial pneumonia

168. A married couple complains of inability to have children. Examination revealed that the husband had his spermatogenetic epithelium of a testicle damaged, which caused absence of spermatozoons in his sperm and infertility as a result. Which part of testicle was damaged?

Network of testis

Epididymis ducts

Straight seminiferois tubules

Convoluted seminiferois tubules

Efferent ducts

169. A patient underwent the extraction of his isuperior medial incisor. It is supplied with blood by the branches of the following artery:

A.palatina descendens

A.infraorbitalis

A.alveolaris inferior

A.buccalis

A.sphenopalatina

170. A cell with vitamin E deficit had been affected by ionizing radiation. This induced an intensified release of hydrolytic enzymes into the cytoplasm and thus a complete destruction of intracellular structures - autolysis. What organellas caused this phenomenon?

Golgi complex

Mitochondrions

Endoplasmic reticulum

Microbodies

Lysosomes

171. Cystinuria in humans shows itself in form of cystine stones in kidneys (homozygotes) or else an increased rate of cystine in urine (heterozygotes). Cystinuria is a monogenic diseas e. Specify the type of interaction between cystinuria genes and normal rate of cystine in urine:

Codomination

Complete dominance

Complementarity

Epistasis

Semidominance

172. A 40-year-old male patient had a tumour-like formation 8x7 cm large on his neck. A surgeon removed it only partially because of close connection with large vessels. Microscopical examination revealed marked cellular and tissue atypism, lipoblast-type cells in different stages of maturity, with polymorphism and nuclear hyperchromia, pathological mitoses, necrosis foci. Specify the histological form of the tumour:

Hibernoma

Liposarcoma

Lipoma

Fibroma

Fibrosarcoma

173. 10 years ago a patient underwent extraction of his right kidney on account of a tumour. After that the volume of his left tumour grew by 50%. What process was developed in the kidney?

Functional hypertrophy

Vicarious hypertrophy

Hypertrophic enlargement

Neurohumoral hypertrophy

Pseudohypertrophy

174. A cell has been treated with a substance that blocks nucleotide phosphorilation in the mitochondrions. What process of cell activity will be disturbed in the first place?

ATP resynthesis

Fragmentation of big mitochondrions into lesser ones

Oxidative phosphorilation

Integration of functional protein molecules

Synthesis of mitochondrial proteins

175.A viral process caused a considerable sclerosis of parenchyma of submandibular salivary glands as well as reduced production of biologically active hormonal substances. This resulted in the impairment of oral mucosa regeneration. The reason for it is an insufficient concentration of the following saliva component:

Thymocyte-transforming factor

Lysozyme

Insulin-like growth factor

Epithelial growth factor

Parotin

176. Obliterating atherosclerosis causes changes in the vessels of the lower extermities. A histological specimen of such a vessel evidently presents both internal and external elastic membranes, middle membrane contains a lot of myocytes. What vessel is affected in case of this disease?

Lymph node

Artery of mixed type

Artery of elastic type

Artery of muscular type

Vein with strongly developed muscles

177. A nurse accidentally injected a nearly double dose of insulin to a patient with diabetes mellitus. The patient lapsed into a hypoglycemic com a. What drug should be injected in order to help him out of coma?

Glucose

Insulin

Lidase

Somatotropin

Noradrenaline

178. A boy has fallen down from a tre e. Now he finds it difficult to abduct his arm into horizontal position. Which muscle is most likely to be injured?

M.deltoideus

M.triceps brachii

M.anconeus

M.coracobrachialis

M.supinator

179. An electronic microphotography shows a renal corpuscle with dendritic cells between the capillaries of choroid glomus. Their cytoplasm contains a large number of filaments. Specify these cells:

Fibroblasts

Adventitional

Juxtavascular

Juxtaglomerular

Mesangial

180. A 12-year-old child presents with intolerance to some foodstuffs. Their consumption causes an allergic reaction in form of itching skin eruption. What antihistaminic drug should be administered that wont have any negative impact on the childs school studies (with no sleepiness effect)?

Sodium diclofenac

Loratadine

Dimedrol

Aminophylline

Mesatonum

181. A man with a long-term history of bronchial asthma died from asphyxi a. Histological examination of his lungs revealed that the lumens of bronchioles and minor bronchi contained a lot of mucus with some eosinophils. There was also sclerosis of interalveolar septa, dilatation of alveole lumens. What mechanism accounts for the development of hypersensitivity reaction?

Granulomatosis

Lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis

Cytotoxic reaction

Reagine reaction

Immune complex reaction

182. A mother consulted a pediatrician about small white filiform worms about 1 cm long with pointed ends that she found on her childs underwear. According to the mother, the child sleeps badly, grits his teeth, scrathes the area of anus. Specify the helminth type:

Pinworm

Armed tapeworm

Trichuris

Hookworm

Ascarid

183. A patient under test was subjected to a moderate physical stress. His minute blood volume amounted 10 l/min. What blood volume was pumped through his lung vessels every minute?

L/min

4 l/min

5 l/min

6 l/min

7 l/min

184. After severe viral hepatitis a 4-year-old boy presents with vommiting, occasional loss of consciousness, convulsions. Blood test revealed hyperammoniemi a. Such condition is caused by a disorder of the following biochemical hepatic process:

Protein synthesis inhibition

Activation of amino acid decarboxylation

Disorder of biogenic amines neutralization

Disorder of ammonia neutralization

Inhibition of transamination enzymes

185. An embryo had its external layer of dental saccule experimentally destroye d. What dental structure wont have any further development?

Enamel

Periodontium

Cement

Dentin

Pulp

186. An inflammation is characterized by the dilatation of blood capillaries in the region of injury, reduced circulation, increased permeability of vessel walls. What cells play the main part in the development of these changes?

Plasmocytes

Macrophages

Eosinophils

Tissue basophils

Fibroblasts

187. On the 2-3 day after stomach resection a patient is still experiencing a failure of intestinal peristalsis. In order to stimulate the motility of gastrointestinal tract the following drug should be administered:

Atropine sulphate

Noradrenaline hydrotartrate

Proserin

Prazosin

Cyclodolum

188. A 65-year-old patient with chronic heart failure has been taking digitoxin in self-administered dosages for a long tim e. She was admitted to the hospital for general health aggravation, arrhythmia, nausea, reduced diuresis, insomni a. What is the primary action to be taken?

To administer strophanthine intravenously

To withhold digitoxin

To administer digoxin

To give an intravenous injection of calcium gluconate solution

To reduce digitoxin dosage

189. Elderly people often complain of joint pain that can be associated with age-related changes of tissue covering the joint surfac e. What tissue is it?

Elastic cartilage

Epithelial

Bone tissue

Connective tissue proper

Hyaline cartilage

190. There is a strict time limit for people to stay at a height of 8000 m above sea level without oxigen cyllinders. Specify the life-limiting factor in this case:

Humidity rate