Mass decrease of active nephrons

Intensification of glomerular filtration

Disturbed permeability of glomerular membranes

82. Such presentations as catarrhal conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, white spots on the buccal mucosa in the region of lower premolar teeth, maculopapular rash on face, body and extremities are typical for the following disease:

Measles

Scarlet fever

Spotted fever

Meningococcal infection

Influenza

83. Dwellers of a village noticed mass mortality of rats in some farms. It was suspected that the animals might have died from plagu e. What postmortal analyses should be conduced in order to establish the causative agent of the infection as soon as possible?

Ring precipitation reaction

Agglutination reaction

Passive agglutination reaction

Neutralization reaction

Complement-binding reaction

84. A 50-year-old patient suffers from essential hypertension. After a physical stress he experienced muscle weakness, breathlessness, cyanosis of lips, skin and fac e. Respiration was accompanied by distinctly heard bubbling rales. What mechanism underlies the development of this syndrome?

Cardiac tamponade

Collapse

Chronic left-ventricular failure

Acute left-ventricular failure

Chronic right-ventricular failure

85. A patient was delivered to a hospital after having been exposed to ionizing radiation. He presents with vomiting, anorexia, pain in different region of abdomen, bloody feces, elevation of body temperature, inertness. Such clinical presentations are typical for the following form of acute radiation disease:

Bone-marrow

Cerebral

Combined

Intestinal

Toxemic

86. While examining an extracted stomach a researcher revealed that its antral part along the lesser curvature had a deep, roundish, even-edged defect up to 1,5 cm in diameter reaching the myenteron. In the defect floor one could see a dense semitransparent area resembling of a hyaline cartilag e. Specify the process observed in the floor of the mucosa defect?

Mucoid swelling

General hyalinosis

Amyloidosis

Local hyalinosis

Fibrinoid changes

87. After a fall a patient got unable to extend his knee joint. What muscle is likely to be damaged?

Semitendinous

Biceps muscle of thigh

Quadriceps

Triceps muscle of calf

Semimembranous

88. In order to reduce salivation before a stomatological procedure a dentist gave his patient 10 drops of 0,1% solution of atropine sulfate perorally. 30 minutes later the patient started complaining of acute pain in the eyeballs, misty vision, headache, palpitation. These symptoms were eliminated by means of the following drug:

Phosphacol

Physostigmine

Cytiton

Carbacholine

Aceclidine

89. An infectious patient manifests sensibilization to penicillin. Which of the following antibiotics is the safest to be applied in this case?

Ampicillin

Oxacillin

Erythromycin

Amoxicillin

Bicillin

90. A victim has a trauma resulting from the direct blow to the internal surface of the middle third of shin. What anatomic formation is most likely to be broken?

Distal epiphysis of fibular bone

Distal epiphysis of tibial bone

Proximal epiphysis of tibial bone

Tibial shaft

Proximal epiphysis of fibular bone

91. Before the cells can utilize the glucoze, it is first transported from the extracellular space through the plasmatic membrane inside theml. This process is stimulated by the following hormone:

Glucagon

Adrenalin

Insulin

Aldosterone

Thyroxin

92. A patient presents with the following motor activity disturbances: tremor, ataxia and asynergia f movements, dysarthri a. The disturbances are most likely to be localized in:

Cerebellum

Brainstem

Medulla oblongata

Limbic system

Basal ganglions

93. A 30-year-old male patient consulted a dentist about a mastication disorder and pain provoked by pulling the jaw backwards. The dentist diagnosed the patient with an inflammation of one of the masticatory muscles. Which muscle is inflamed?

Temporal (anterior fibers)

Temporal (posterior fibers)

Lateral pterygopalatine

Medial pterygopalatine

Masticatory

94. A surgeon concluded that the biggest space for examination and surgical procedures on pancreas can be created by dissection of lig. gastrocolicum. It allows to penetrate into the following space of abdominal cavity:

Omental bursa

Hepatic bursa

Right lateral canal

Left lateral canal

Pregastric bursa

95. A 35-year-old patient with chronic periodontitis underwent excision of a cyst 3 cm in diameter found at a root of the 15th tooth. Histological examination revealed that it had thin wall formed by mature connective tissue infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasmatic cells. Its internal surface was lined with multilayer pavement epithelium with no signs of keratinization; the cavity contained serous exudat e. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Follicular cyst

Primordial cyst

Cherubism

Follicular ameloblastoma

Radicular cyst

96. As a result of a cold a patient has the abnormal pain and temperature sensitivity of the frontal 2/3 of his tongu e. Which nerve must have been damaged?

Sublingual

Vagus

Glossopharyngeal

Trigeminus

Accessory

97. During a brain surgery it was noticed that stimulation of certain zones of cerebral cortex caused tactile and thermal sensations in patient. Which zone was being stimulated?

Precentral gyrus

Postcentral gyrus

Parahippocampal gyrus

Superior lateral gyrus

Cingulate gyrus

98. In the process of tooth tissue histogenesis dentin wasnt formed in time for some reasons. What process of further histogenesis will be delayed or will not take place at all?

Cellular cement formation

Enamel formation

Acellular cement formation

Pulp formation

Predentinal space formation

99. On examination a male patient was diagnosed with acute radiation dseas e. Laboratory examination revealed abrupt decrease in serotonin found in blood platelets. A likely cause of decrease in serotonin concentration would be metabolic imbalance of the following substance:

Serine

Histidine

Phenyl alanine

Tyrosine

Oxytryptophane

100. A 45-year-old female patient underwent an excision of 2,5x2 cm large tumour located in the region of submandibular salivary glan d. Microscopic examination revealed that it consisted of glandular structures and contained solid epithelial complexes as well as mucoid, chondroid and myxoid foci. Specify this tumour:

Ameloblastoma

Osteoclastoma

Polymorphous adenoma

Cementoma

Salivary gland carcinoma

101. It is known that patients with diabetes mellitus are more subject to inflammative processes, they have low regeneration and slower wound healing. What is the reason for this?

Decrease in lipolysis

Accelerated gluconeogenesis

Intensification of catabolism

Decrease in protheosynthesis

Increase in lipolysis

102. A 29-year-old patient was delivered to a hospital because of intoxication with carbon monoxid e. Objectively: the patient presents with symptoms of severe hypoxia - evident dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardi a. What compound is produced as a result of intoxication with carbon monooxide?

Carbhemoglobin

Oxyhemoglobin

Methemoglobin

Carboxyhemoglobin

Sulfhemoglobin

104. A patient with obliterating endarteritis underwent ganglionic sympathectomy. What type of arterial hyperaemia should have developed as a result of the surgery?

Reactive

Neurotonic

Neuroparalytic

Metabolic

Functional

105. In the second week of being ill wit viral hepatitis a patient presented with sleep disorder, headache, aggressiveness, unbearable skin itch. Objectively: AP drop, decrease in blood coagulation and reflectory activity, bradycardi a. What is the cause of these changes?

Urobilinemia

Stercobilinemia

Hypercholesterolemia

Hyperlipemia

Cholemia

106. While examining a blood smear taken form a patient and stained by Romanovskys method a doctor revealed some protozoa and diagnozed the patient with Chagas diseas e. What protozoan is the causative agent of this disease?

Trypanosoma cruzi

Trypanosoma brucei

Leishmania donovani

Toxoplasma gondii

Leishmania tropica

107. A patient with diabetes mellitus lapsed into diabetic coma as a result of acid-base disbalanc e. Specify the type of disbalance:

Non-gaseous alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Gaseous alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory acidosis

108. Before a tooth extraction a 48-year-old female patient received an injection of diazepam. Anxiolytic effect of this drug can be explained by:

α-adrenoreceptor block