Recovery of virus from the vesicular fluid 


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Recovery of virus from the vesicular fluid



Itsenko-Cushing syndrome

Secondary aldosteronism

Primary aldosteronism

Conns syndrome

Pheochromocytoma

53. An electronic microphotography shows epidermis with some dendritic cells among common cubic cells. These cells have a well-developed Golgi complex, a lot of ribosomes and melanosomes. These cells are called:

Keratinocytes

Tissue basophils

Melanocytes

Langerhans cells

Merkels cells

54. Dehelmintization of a patient revealed some long fragments of a helminth with segmented structur e. Mature segments were rectangular, 30x12 mm large, closed-type matrix was in form of a stem with 17-35 lateral branches. Specify this helminth:

Alveococcus

Armed tapeworm

Echinococcus

Hookless tapeworm

Dwarf tapeworm

55. A patient has some vesicles on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, lips and nos e. A dentist suspected vesicular stomatitis. What analysis will allow to confirm the diagnosis?

Contamination of animals with the vesicular fluid

Recovery of virus from the vesicular fluid

Microscopy of the vesicular fluid

Allergy test

Recovery of bacteria from the vesicular fluid

56.A patient has myocardial infarction in the region of the anterior wall of the left ventricl e. Circulatory dysfunction occurred in the following vascular basin:

Anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery

Marginal branch of the left coronary artery

Atrioventricular branch of the left coronary artery

Anterior ventricular branch of the right coronary artery

Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery

57.Inflammation of tympanic cavity got complicated by the mastoid bone inflammation. Which wall of the tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate through?

Superior

Lateral

Anterior

Posterior

Medial

58. A child presents with symptoms of psychic and physical retardation (cretinism). It is usually associated with the following hormone deficiency:

Insulin

Thyroxin

Calcitonin

Testosterone

Somatotropic

59. A victim has been delivered to a hospital with an open fracture of mandible ramus and profuse bleeding in the region of fractur e. What artery is most likely to be damaged?

Inferior alveolar

Facial

Median temporal

Ascending palatine

Lingual

60. A male patient waiting for tooth extraction has developed a strong sense of anxiety. Which drug should be given to him in order to relieve him of this discomfort?

Diazepam

Analgin

Aethimizolum

Carbamazepine

Aminazine

61. Depressions and emotional disorders result from noradrenaline, serotonin and other biogenic amines deficiency in brain. Concentration of these compounds in synapses can be increased by means of antidepressants that inhibit the activity of the following enzyme:

D-amino acid oxidase

L-amino acid oxidase

Monoamine oxidase

Diamine oxidase

Phenylalanine-4-monooxigenase

62. A 23-year-old patient complains of increased salivation. Production of large amount of serous saliva is caused by the stimulation of the following vegatative ganglion:

Ganglion ciliare

Ganglion pterygopalatinum

Ganglion oticum

Ganglion submandibulare

Ganglion sublinguale

63. Children often have laboured nasal breathing which is caused by overdevelopment of lymphoid tissue of the pharyngeal mucous membran e. This phenomenon may cause enlargement of the following tonsils:

Tonsilla pharyngea

Tonsilla lingualis

Tonsilla tubaria

All above-mentioned

Tonsilla palatina

64. After the traumatic tooth extraction a patient is complaining of acute, dull, poorly-localized pain in gingiva, body temperature rise up to 37,5°C. The patient has been diagnosed with alveolitis. Specify the kind of pain in this patient:

Protopathic

Epicritic

Phantom

Visceral

Heterotopic

65. In order to administer general health-improving therapy a parodontist intends to study factors of nonspecific resistance of saliva and mucous secretion. Which of the following factors of nonspecific resistance should be studied in the first line?

Secretory IgA

Lysozyme

Interferon

Complement

Properdin

66. A 57-year-old patient experiences periodical uterine haemorrhages. Diagnostic biopsy of lining of uterus has revealed among the blood elements some glandular complexes of different forms and sizes made by atypic cells having hyperchromic nuclei with multiple mitoses (including pathological ones). What is the most likely diagnosis?

Glandular endometrium hyperplasia

Uterus fibromyoma

Adenocarcinoma

Endometritis

Chorioepithelioma

67. A histologic specimen of the sagittal section of mandible primordium of a 3,5-month-old human embryo shows an epithelial organ surrounded by compactly arranged mesenchymal cells. This mesenchymal formation is called:

Dental bulb

Dental saccule

Internal enamel organs

External enamel organs

Pulp of an enamel organ

68. Autopsy of a 67-year-old man who died after presenting with hypoglycemic coma revealed some areas of connective tissue growth and necrosis foci, atrophy of Langerhans islets in pancreas. What disease might have induced such changes in pancreas?

Acute pancreatitis

Diabetes mellitus

Cancer of the head of pancreas

Pancreas hypoplasia

Mucoviscidosis

69. A patient who has been taking tetracycline for a long time has developed candidosis of mucous membranes. What drug shoul administered for its treatment?

Griseofulvin

Nitrofurantoin

Itraconazole

Nitrofungin

Amphotericin

70. One of the protein synthesis stages is recognition. The first iRNA triplet starts with UAU triplet. What complementary triplet is found in tRNA?

GUG

UGU

CUC

AAA

AUA

71. A removed vermiform appendix was sent for a histological analysis. The appendix was enlarged, with thickened walls and dull plethoric serous membrane covered by coagulated fibrin. After dissection some pus could be seen. Microscopical examination revealed vascular congestion, edema of all the layers and their diffuse infiltration with leukocytes. Specify the form of acute appendicitis:

Apostematous

Simple

Gangrenous

Flegmonous

Superficial

72. Shortly before death a patient got an electrocardiographically based diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Autopsy revealed that the myocardial cavity contained 200 ml of liquid blood and 400 g of clots; the posterior wall of the left ventricle had a perforation up to 2 cm long. What complication of myocardial infraction is it?

Haemorrhagic pericarditis

Exudative pericarditis

Idiopathic myocarditis

Stone heart

Myocardial rupture with cardiac tamponade

73. During examination of first-grade pupils a dentist revealed that one child had brown-yellow teeth and two split teeth. According to the child, previously he had been treated for pneumonia with "some" pills. What drug might have had such a negative impact on teeth?

Erythromycin

Doxycycline

Oxacillin

Ampicillin

Biseptol

74. A 35-year-old female patient with a chronic renal disease has developed osteoporosis. The cause of this complication is the deficiency of the following substance:

D2

Dihydroxy-D3

Cholesterol

25-hydroxy-D3

D3

75. In spring a patient experiences petechial haemorrhages, loosening of teeth, high liability to colds. A doctor suspects hypovitaminosis c. In this respect loosening of teeth can be explained by:

Mechanical damage of teeth

Structural change of glycosaminoglycans

Structural failure of collagen in the periodontal ligaments

Increased permeability of periodont membranes

Disturbed oxidation-reduction process in the periodont

76. A 71-year-old man had been presenting with diarrhea for 10 days. The feces had admixtures of blood and mucus. He was delivered to a hospital in grave condition and died 2 days later. Autopsy of the body revealed the following: diphtheritic colitis with multiple irregularly-shaped ulcers of different depth in both sigmoid colon and rectus. Bacteriological analysis revealed Shigell a. What was the main disease?

Nonspecific ulcerous colitis

Yersiniosis

Salmonellosis

Typhoid fever

Dysentery

77. A patients blood shows an increased concentration of pyruvate which is excreted with urine for the most part. This is typical for the following vitamin deficiency:

E

B3

B2

B6

B1

78. A 25-year-old patient has been diagnosed with chronic hepatitis. The patient complains of 10 kg weight loss within 2 months. Objectively: the patient has dry peeling skin, pale with yellow shade, petechial haemorrhages, stomatorrhagi a. Petechial haemorrhages and stomatorrhagia are caused by the disturbance of the following hepatic function:

Detoxication

Depositing

Protein synthesizing

Glycogen synthesizing

Chromogenic

79. The immunoblot detected gp120 protein in the blood serum. This protein is typical for the following disease:

Syphilis

HIV-infection

Poliomyelitis

Tuberculosis

Virus B hepatitis

80. Heart rate of an adult man is 40/min. This rate is possible due to the following element of the cardiac conduction system:

Sinoatrial node

Purkinjes fibers

His bundle

His bundle branches

Atrioventricular node

81. A patient with a history of chronic glomerulonephritis presents with azotemia, oliguria, hypo- and isosthenuria, proteinuri a. What is the leading factor in the pathogenesis of these symptoms development under chronic renal failure?

Tubular hyposecretion

Intensification of sodium reabsorption

Measles

Scarlet fever

Spotted fever

Meningococcal infection

Influenza

83. Dwellers of a village noticed mass mortality of rats in some farms. It was suspected that the animals might have died from plagu e. What postmortal analyses should be conduced in order to establish the causative agent of the infection as soon as possible?

Ring precipitation reaction

Agglutination reaction

Passive agglutination reaction

Neutralization reaction

Complement-binding reaction

84. A 50-year-old patient suffers from essential hypertension. After a physical stress he experienced muscle weakness, breathlessness, cyanosis of lips, skin and fac e. Respiration was accompanied by distinctly heard bubbling rales. What mechanism underlies the development of this syndrome?

Cardiac tamponade

Collapse

Chronic left-ventricular failure

Intestinal

Toxemic

86. While examining an extracted stomach a researcher revealed that its antral part along the lesser curvature had a deep, roundish, even-edged defect up to 1,5 cm in diameter reaching the myenteron. In the defect floor one could see a dense semitransparent area resembling of a hyaline cartilag e. Specify the process observed in the floor of the mucosa defect?

Mucoid swelling

General hyalinosis

Amyloidosis

Local hyalinosis

Fibrinoid changes

87. After a fall a patient got unable to extend his knee joint. What muscle is likely to be damaged?

Semitendinous

Biceps muscle of thigh

Quadriceps

Triceps muscle of calf

Semimembranous

88. In order to reduce salivation before a stomatological procedure a dentist gave his patient 10 drops of 0,1% solution of atropine sulfate perorally. 30 minutes later the patient started complaining of acute pain in the eyeballs, misty vision, headache, palpitation. These symptoms were eliminated by means of the following drug:

Phosphacol

Physostigmine

Cytiton

Carbacholine

Aceclidine

89. An infectious patient manifests sensibilization to penicillin. Which of the following antibiotics is the safest to be applied in this case?

Ampicillin

Oxacillin

Erythromycin

Amoxicillin

Bicillin

90. A victim has a trauma resulting from the direct blow to the internal surface of the middle third of shin. What anatomic formation is most likely to be broken?

Distal epiphysis of fibular bone

Distal epiphysis of tibial bone

Proximal epiphysis of tibial bone

Tibial shaft

Proximal epiphysis of fibular bone

91. Before the cells can utilize the glucoze, it is first transported from the extracellular space through the plasmatic membrane inside theml. This process is stimulated by the following hormone:

Glucagon

Adrenalin

Insulin

Aldosterone

Thyroxin

92. A patient presents with the following motor activity disturbances: tremor, ataxia and asynergia f movements, dysarthri a. The disturbances are most likely to be localized in:

Cerebellum

Brainstem

Medulla oblongata

Limbic system

Basal ganglions

93. A 30-year-old male patient consulted a dentist about a mastication disorder and pain provoked by pulling the jaw backwards. The dentist diagnosed the patient with an inflammation of one of the masticatory muscles. Which muscle is inflamed?

Temporal (anterior fibers)

Temporal (posterior fibers)

Lateral pterygopalatine

Medial pterygopalatine

Masticatory

94. A surgeon concluded that the biggest space for examination and surgical procedures on pancreas can be created by dissection of lig. gastrocolicum. It allows to penetrate into the following space of abdominal cavity:

Omental bursa

Hepatic bursa

Right lateral canal

Left lateral canal

Pregastric bursa

95. A 35-year-old patient with chronic periodontitis underwent excision of a cyst 3 cm in diameter found at a root of the 15th tooth. Histological examination revealed that it had thin wall formed by mature connective tissue infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasmatic cells. Its internal surface was lined with multilayer pavement epithelium with no signs of keratinization; the cavity contained serous exudat e. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Follicular cyst

Primordial cyst

Cherubism

Follicular ameloblastoma

Radicular cyst

96. As a result of a cold a patient has the abnormal pain and temperature sensitivity of the frontal 2/3 of his tongu e. Which nerve must have been damaged?

Sublingual

Vagus

Glossopharyngeal

Trigeminus

Accessory

97. During a brain surgery it was noticed that stimulation of certain zones of cerebral cortex caused tactile and thermal sensations in patient. Which zone was being stimulated?

Precentral gyrus

Postcentral gyrus

Parahippocampal gyrus

Superior lateral gyrus

Cingulate gyrus

98. In the process of tooth tissue histogenesis dentin wasnt formed in time for some reasons. What process of further histogenesis will be delayed or will not take place at all?

Cellular cement formation

Enamel formation

Acellular cement formation

Pulp formation

Predentinal space formation

99. On examination a male patient was diagnosed with acute radiation dseas e. Laboratory examination revealed abrupt decrease in serotonin found in blood platelets. A likely cause of decrease in serotonin concentration would be metabolic imbalance of the following substance:

Serine

Histidine

Phenyl alanine

Tyrosine

Oxytryptophane

100. A 45-year-old female patient underwent an excision of 2,5x2 cm large tumour located in the region of submandibular salivary glan d. Microscopic examination revealed that it consisted of glandular structures and contained solid epithelial complexes as well as mucoid, chondroid and myxoid foci. Specify this tumour:

Ameloblastoma

Osteoclastoma

Polymorphous adenoma

Cementoma

Salivary gland carcinoma

101. It is known that patients with diabetes mellitus are more subject to inflammative processes, they have low regeneration and slower wound healing. What is the reason for this?

Decrease in lipolysis

Accelerated gluconeogenesis

Intensification of catabolism

Carboxyhemoglobin

Sulfhemoglobin

104. A patient with obliterating endarteritis underwent ganglionic sympathectomy. What type of arterial hyperaemia should have developed as a result of the surgery?

Reactive

Neurotonic

Neuroparalytic

Metabolic

Functional

105. In the second week of being ill wit viral hepatitis a patient presented with sleep disorder, headache, aggressiveness, unbearable skin itch. Objectively: AP drop, decrease in blood coagulation and reflectory activity, bradycardi a. What is the cause of these changes?

Urobilinemia

Stercobilinemia

Hypercholesterolemia

Hyperlipemia

Cholemia

106. While examining a blood smear taken form a patient and stained by Romanovskys method a doctor revealed some protozoa and diagnozed the patient with Chagas diseas e. What protozoan is the causative agent of this disease?

Trypanosoma cruzi

Trypanosoma brucei

Leishmania donovani

Toxoplasma gondii

Leishmania tropica

107. A patient with diabetes mellitus lapsed into diabetic coma as a result of acid-base disbalanc e. Specify the type of disbalance:

Non-gaseous alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Gaseous alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory acidosis

108. Before a tooth extraction a 48-year-old female patient received an injection of diazepam. Anxiolytic effect of this drug can be explained by:

α-adrenoreceptor block

Zygomaticofacial

110. A patient diagnosed with morphinism has been admitted to the narcological department. A doctor noted a decrease in pharmacological activity of morphin e. Repetitive use of a drug may result in tolerance to its effect, and this phenomenon is called:

Allergy

Addiction

Antagonism

Tachyphylaxis

Cumulation

111. A 2-day-old baby has yellowish skin and mucous membranes. This might be caused by the temporary lack of the following enzyme:

UDP-glucuronil transferase

Sulfotransferase

Haem synthetase

Hemoxygenase

Biliverdine reductase

112. A 60-year-old patient consulted a doctor about retrosternal pain arising immediately after physical exercis e. He was prescribed nitroglycerin. The medication relieved retrosternal pain but the patient got acute headach e. What is the likely mechanism of this side effect?

α-adrenoreceptor block

Reduced accumulation of calcium ions

Intracranial pressure rise

Phosphodiesterase block

Inhibited formation of mediators in brain

113. A victim who had been rescued from under the ruins was found to have confused mental state, multiple subcutaneous haemorrhages on his head and neck, small wound on the fac e. There was a scalping in the posterosuperior parts of head and a significant deformation of head contours. What bones might have been damaged?

Sphenoid bone and mandible

Malar and lacrimal bones

Parietal and occipital bone

Temporal bone and maxilla

Frontal and nasal bones

114. In the focus of inflammation the vessels of microvasculature exhibit an increased permeability and hydrodynamic pressure ris e. Inter-tissue fluid has an increase in osmotic concentration and dispersity of protein structures. What type of edema will develop in this case?

Combined

Membranogenic

Colloid osmotic

Lymphogenous

Hydrodynamic

115. A child has abnormal formation of tooth enamel and dentin as a result of low concentration of calcium ions in bloo d. Such abnormalities might be caused by deficiency of the following hormone:

Parathormone

Triiodothyronine

Thyrocalcitonin

Somatotropic hormone

Thyroxin

116. A 49-year-old woman spent a lot of time standing. As a result of it she got leg edem a. What is the most likely cause of the edema?

Increase in systemic arterial pressure

Decrease in hydrostatic pressure of blood in veins

Submandibular

118. Purulent discharges of a patient with a mandibulofacial phlegmon contain spheroid microorganisms making S-shaped colonies with golden pigment that produce lecithinase, plasmocoagulase, hemolysin and decompose mannitol under anaerobic conditions. Specify the kind of microorganisms that had caused the suppuration:

S. aureus

S. epidermidis

Str. pyogenes

Str. mutans

Str. sanguis

119. A patient was delivered to a hospital with the fracture of mandible and considerable bleeding in the region of fractur e. What artery is likely to be dameged?

Lingual artery

Ascending pharyngeal artery

Ascending palatine artery

Superior alveolar artery

Inferior alveolar artery

120. A patient consulted a dentist about the temporomandibular joint arthritis. The dentist administered an ointment containing diclofenac sodium. What is its mechanism of action?

Cyclooxigenase activation

Cyclooxigenase inhibition

Opiate receptor block

Phospholipase inhibition

Opiate receptor activation

121. A patient who has been treated for viral hepatitis B developed symptoms of hepatic insufficiency. What changes indicating disorder in protein metabolism are likely to be observed in this case?

Absolute hyperalbuminemia

Absolute hypoalbuminemia

Absolute hyperfibrinogenemia

Absolute hyperglobulinemia

Protein rate in blood will stay unchanged

122. After a severe trauma of visceral cranium a patient has a deglutition disorder with food getting to the nasopharynx. This is the result of the following muscles disfunction:

M.palatopharyngeus

M.palatoglossus

M.genioglossus

M.levator veli palatini

M.stylopharyngeus

123. After an attack of bronchial asthma a patient had his peripheral blood teste d. What changes can be expected?

Eosinophilia

Lymphocytosis

Erythrocytosis

Thrombocytopenia

Leukopenia

124. Among the specific hypocholesterolemic drugs the most effective are those blocking the synthesis of endogenic cholesterol in liver. Which of the below listed drugs has such mechanism of hypocholesterolemic action?

Allilcepum

Clofibrate

Probucol

Linaethol

Lovastatin

125. A patient of oral surgery department has developed a purulent complication. Bacteriological analysis of the wound discharge allowed to isolate a culture producing a blue-and-green pigment. Which of the listed microorganisms may be a causative agent of the infection?

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Proteus vulgaris

Bacillus subtilis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Klebsiella pneumoniae

126. A 32-year-old female patient suffers from gingivitis accompanied by gum hypoxi a. What metabolite of carbohydrate metabolism is produced in the periodontium tissues more actively in this case?

Ribose 5-phosphate

Glycogen

Glucose 6-phosphate

NADPH-H

Lactate

127. Analysis of a newborns urine revealed phenylpyruvic aci d. Its presence in urine is associated with the following pathology:

Alkaptonuria

Phenylketonuria

Tyrosinosis

Gout

Albinism

128. HIV has gp41 and gp120 on its surface interacts with target cells of an organism. Which of the following human lymphocyte antigens is gp120 complementary bound with?

CD 4

CD 19

CD 28

CD 8

CD 3

129. A 50-year-old male patient suffers from chronic bronchitis, complains about dyspnea during physical activity, sustained cough with sputum. After examination he was diagnosed with pulmonary emphysem a. This complication is caused by:

Decrease in lung compliance

Decrease in lung perfusion

Decrease in lung elasticity

Decrease in alveolar ventilation

Ventilation-perfusion disbalance

130. A man is eating dry foo d. Which salivary glands secrete the largest amount of saliva in this case?

Palatine

Sublingual

Buccal

Parotid

Submandibular

131. For infection prevention a patient who underwent appendectomy was prescribed a cephalosporin antibioti c. Antimicrobial activity of these antibiotics is called forth by the disturbance of the following process:

Nucleic acid synthesis

Microbial wall formation

Ribosomal protein synthesis

Energy metabolism

Cholinesterase block

132. A 20-year-old patient complains of morbid thirst and huperdiuresis (up to 10 l daily). Glucose concentration in blood is normal but it is absent in urin e. The patient has been diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. What hormonal drug is the most appropriate for management of this disorder?

Vasopressin

Thyroxin

Insulin

Cortisol

Oxytocin

133. A shepherd who has tended sheep together with dogs presents with chest pain and blood spitting. X-ray examination revealed a roundish neoplasm in his lungs. Immunological reactions confirmed the provisional diagnosis. Specify the helminth that might have caused this disease:

Armed tapeworm

Echinococcus

Common liver fluke

Broad tapeworm

Dwarf tapeworm

134. According to the phenotypic diagnosis a female patient has been provisionally diagnosed with X-chromosome polysomi a. This diagnosis can be confirmed by a cytogenetic metho d. What karyotype will allow to confirm the diagnosis?

48(XXYY)

ХХХ)

48(XXXY)

46(XX)

47(XXY)

135. In course of an experiment a white rat was being stimulated with a stress factor (electric current). The researchers could observe muscle hypononia, arterial hypotension, hypothermi a. What period of general adaptation syndrome is it?

Shock phase

Exhaustion stage

Antishock phase

Resistance stage

136. A female patient with a tumour of pancreas has developed mechanic jaundice resulting from compression of a bile-excreting duct. Which duct is compressed?

Ductus hepaticus communis

Ductus hepaticus dexter

Ductus cysticus

Ductus choledochus

Ductus hepaticus sinister

137. A patient has been admitted to the oral surgery department with a fracture of malar arch. The patient presents with difficult mouth opening. This state is caused by the dysfunction of the following muscle:

Medial pterygoid

Lateral pterygoid

Zygomatic

Digastric

Masticatory

138. A male patient consulted a dentist about an acute toothach e. Examination revealed a carious cavity in the upper premolar on the right. The carious cavity reaches the pulp. What is the most likely caries complication causing the toothache?

Periodontitis

Pulpitis

Parodontitis

Tooth erosion

-

139. Before the infiltration anaesthesia a patient had been tested for sensitivity to novocain e. The reaction turned out to be positiv e. Which of the below listed drugs can be used for anaesthetization in this case?

Trimecaine

Procainamide hydrochloride

Anesthezin

Tetracaine

Lidocaine

140. As a result of a road accident a 26-year-old man is in the torpid phase of shock. Blood count: leukocytes - 3,2×109/l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?

Faulty release of mature leukocytes from the bone marrow into the blood

Leukocyte destruction in the hematopietic organs

Leukopoiesis inhibition

N.nasopalatinus

N.pharyngeus

N.palatinus major

Nn.palatini minores

142. A histological specimen shows an extraembryonic organ in form of a vesicle linked to the entodermal canal. Its wall is lined with epithelium, exteriorly it is made up by connective tissu e. In the early stages of embryogenesis this organ has hematopoietic function. Name this organ:

Allantois

Vitelline sac

Umbillical cord

Amnion

Placenta

143. Histological study of two different tooth specimens revealed acellular and cellular cement, respectively. The second specimen comes from the following tooth part:

Root apex

Dental cervix

Superior subgingival part

Tooth crown

The border between root and crown

144. Power inputs of a man are being measured on an empty stomach, in the lying position, at physical and psychic rest, under comfortable temperatur e. The highest power inputs will be ovserved in the following daypart:

P.m.

7-8 a.m.

3-4 a.m.

10-12 a.m.

8-12 p.m.

145. After a long training session a sportsman has developed fatigue accompanied by abrupt performance decrement. What link of the reflex arch was the fatigue initiated in?

Efferent conductor

Receptors

Muscles

Afferent conductor

Nerve centres

146. A patient suffers from hypertension and atherosclerosis. He should reduce the consumption of the folowing lipide:

Lecithin

Monooleate glyceride

Oleic acid

Cholesterol

Phosphatidyl serine

147. A 29-year-old female patient complains of gingival haemorrhage and lower front teeth mobility she has been experiencing for the last 6 months. Objectively: the mucous membrane in the region of the front lower teeth is hyperemized, edematic, bleeds when touche d. From under the gingival mucosa foul-smelling pus is discharged, tooth roots are expose d. The patient has been diagnosed with the III stage of parodontitis. What factor allowed to establish the stage of disease progress?

Nature of purulent discharge

Mucosa inflammation

Teeth mobility

Disease duration

Tooth root exposure

148. Indirect calorimetry allowed to establish that a 30-year-old male patient had a 30% decrease in basal metabolic rat e. This might be caused by the reduced concentration of the following hormones in blood plasma:

Catecholamines

Glucocorticoids

Gas transport

Amino acid transport

Maintenance of ionic equilibrium

150. In course of an experiment thalamocortical tracts of an experimental animal were cut through. The animal didnt lose the following sensations:

Visual

Exteroceptive

Auditory

Nociceptive

Olfactory

151. A man is in the state of rest. He has been forcing himself to breath deeply and frequently for 3-4 minutes. What effect will it have upon acid-bace balance of the organism?

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory acidosis

There will be no change in acid-base balance

152. During postembryonal haemopoiesis in the red bone marrow the cells of one of the cellular differons demonstrate a gradual decrease in cytoplasmic basophilia as well as an increase in oxyphilia, the nucleus is being forced out. Such morphological changes are typical for the following haemopoiesis type:

Neutrophil cytopoiesis

Basophil cytopoiesis

Erythropoiesis

Lymphopoiesis

Eosinophil cytopoiesis

153. Autopsy of a man, who died from typhoid fever on the 5th day of disease, revealed the following changes: aggregated follicles of ileum were enlarged and plethoric; they protruded over the mucous membrane, and multiple sulci and convolutions could be seen on their surfac e. Histological examinatio revealed plethority and edema of tissues, presense of granulomas composed of big cells with light cytoplasm and containing typhoid bacilli. These local changes are compliant with the following period of typhoid fever:

Stage of medullary swelling

Stage of necrosis

Stage of clean ulcers

Stage of ulcer healing

Stage of ulceration

154. During manipulations aimed at treatment of mandible dislocation a physician should pay particular attention to a muscle that pulls a capsule and interarticular disc of temporomandibular articulation exteriorly. What muscle is it?

M. mylohyoideus

M. pterygoideus medialis

M. temporalis

M. pterygoideus lateralis

M. masseter

155. A 25-year-old man has a saucer-shaped ulcer 0,8 cm in diameter on the upper left surface of tongu e. The ulcers floor and edges are dense with smooth and glistening surface, painless on palpation. Microscopical examination of the ulcer floor revealed an infiltration consisting of lymphoid, plasmatic and epithelioid cells with a lot of vessels affected by endovasculitis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Settons aphtha

Cancerous ulcer

Decubital ulcer

Tuberculosis

Primary syphilis

156. A 70-year-old patient is diagnosed with brainstem haemorrhag e. Examination revealed increased tonus of flexor muscles accompanied by decreased tonus of extensor muscles. Such changes in muscle tonus can be explained by the irritation of the following brain structures:

Reticular formation

Vestibular nuclei

Quadrigeminal plate

Red nuclei

Black substance

157. Autopsy of a 42-year-old man revealed a distinctly dilated lumen of small intestine filled with rice-water-like liqui d. The intestine wall was edematic with lots of petechial haemorrhages on the mucos a. What infectious disease is the described enteritis typical for?

Salmonellosis

Dysentery

Amebiasis

Typhoid fever

Cholera

158. While under barbituric anaesthesia a 65-year-old male patient developed respiratory inhibition. Anesthesiologist made him a 10 ml intravenous injection of 0,5% bemegride solution. The patients condition got better, the pulmonary ventilation volume increase d. What phenomenon underlies the interaction of these medivcations?

Indirect synergism

Unilateral antagonism

Indirect antagonism

Direct synergism

Direct antagonism

159. A patient complains of skin itch, especially between fingers, in the inguinal creases, on the lower abdomen. Examination of these regions revealed there some small vesicles. Laboratory diagnostics allowed to establish that this condition had been caused by a representative of Arthropod a. Specify the disease caused by this arthropod:

Myiasis

Pediculosis

Dermatotropic leishmaniasis

Demodicosis

Scabies

160. Premolar teeth absence is inherited as an autosomal dominant factor. Parents with normal dental system gave birh to a child with lacking premolar teeth. What is the probability of giving birth to children without this pathology (%) in this family?

75%

12,5%

50%

0%

25%

161. A patient with a tumour of thymus presents with cyanosis, expansion of subcutaneous venous network and soft tissue edema of face, neck, upper trunk and upper extremities. What vein is compressed by the tumour?

Subclavicular vein

Interior jugular vein

Exterior jugular vein

Precava

Anterior jugular vein

162. A patient has a lacrimal gland secretory dysfunction induced by a disorder of its vegetative innervation. Which of the ganglia of vegetative nervous system gives it postganglionic parasympathetic fibers?

Ganglion oticum

Ganglion submandibulare

Ganglion ciliare

-

Ganglion pterygopalatinum

163. An emotional stress induces activation of hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase in the adipocytes. What secondary mediator takes part in this process?

Hypoproteinemia

Hyperazotemia

Leukocytosis

167. Examination of a bronchial tissue sample revealed atrophy of mucous membrane, cystic degeneration of glands, focal metaplastic changes of lining prismatic epithelial cells into multilayer squamous cells; increase in goblet cell number; in some parts of bronchial wall and especially in the mucous membrane there was marked cellular inflammatory infiltration and growth of granulation tissue bulging into the bronchial lumen in form of a polyp. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Acute bronchitis

Bronchopneumonia

Chronic bronchitis

Lobar pneumonia

Interstitial pneumonia

168. A married couple complains of inability to have children. Examination revealed that the husband had his spermatogenetic epithelium of a testicle damaged, which caused absence of spermatozoons in his sperm and infertility as a result. Which part of testicle was damaged?

Network of testis

Epididymis ducts

Straight seminiferois tubules

A.infraorbitalis

A.alveolaris inferior

A.buccalis

A.sphenopalatina

170. A cell with vitamin E deficit had been affected by ionizing radiation. This induced an intensified release of hydrolytic enzymes into the cytoplasm and thus a complete destruction of intracellular structures - autolysis. What organellas caused this phenomenon?

Golgi complex

Mitochondrions

Endoplasmic reticulum

Microbodies

Lysosomes

171. Cystinuria in humans shows itself in form of cystine stones in kidneys (homozygotes) or else an increased rate of cystine in urine (heterozygotes). Cystinuria is a monogenic diseas e. Specify the type of interaction between cystinuria genes and normal rate of cystine in urine:

Codomination

Complete dominance

Complementarity

Epistasis

Semidominance

172. A 40-year-old male patient had a tumour-like formation 8x7 cm large on his neck. A surgeon removed it only partially because of close connection with large vessels. Microscopical examination revealed marked cellular and tissue atypism, lipoblast-type cells in different stages of maturity, with polymorphism and nuclear hyperchromia, pathological mitoses, necrosis foci. Specify the histological form of the tumour:

Hibernoma

Liposarcoma

Lipoma

Fibroma

Fibrosarcoma

173. 10 years ago a patient underwent extraction of his right kidney on account of a tumour. After that the volume of his left tumour grew by 50%. What process was developed in the kidney?

Functional hypertrophy

Vicarious hypertrophy

Hypertrophic enlargement

Neurohumoral hypertrophy

Pseudohypertrophy

174. A cell has been treated with a substance that blocks nucleotide phosphorilation in the mitochondrions. What process of cell activity will be disturbed in the first place?

ATP resynthesis

Fragmentation of big mitochondrions into lesser ones

Oxidative phosphorilation

Integration of functional protein molecules

Synthesis of mitochondrial proteins

175.A viral process caused a considerable sclerosis of parenchyma of submandibular salivary glands as well as reduced production of biologically active hormonal substances. This resulted in the impairment of oral mucosa regeneration. The reason for it is an insufficient concentration of the following saliva component:

Thymocyte-transforming factor

Lysozyme

Insulin-like growth factor

Epithelial growth factor

Parotin

176. Obliterating atherosclerosis causes changes in the vessels of the lower extermities. A histological specimen of such a vessel evidently presents both internal and external elastic membranes, middle membrane contains a lot of myocytes. What vessel is affected in case of this disease?

Lymph node

Artery of mixed type

Artery of elastic type

Artery of muscular type

Vein with strongly developed muscles

177. A nurse accidentally injected a nearly double dose of insulin to a patient with diabetes mellitus. The patient lapsed into a hypoglycemic com a. What drug should be injected in order to help him out of coma?

Glucose

Insulin

Lidase

Somatotropin

Noradrenaline

178. A boy has fallen down from a tre e. Now he finds it difficult to abduct his arm into horizontal position. Which muscle is most likely to be injured?

M.deltoideus

M.triceps brachii

M.anconeus

M.coracobrachialis

M.supinator

179. An electronic microphotography shows a renal corpuscle with dendritic cells between the capillaries of choroid glomus. Their cytoplasm contains a large number of filaments. Specify these cells:

Fibroblasts

Adventitional

Juxtavascular

Juxtaglomerular

Mesangial

180. A 12-year-old child presents with intolerance to some foodstuffs. Their consumption causes an allergic reaction in form of itching skin eruption. What antihistaminic drug should be administered that wont have any negative impact on the childs school studies (with no sleepiness effect)?

Sodium diclofenac

Loratadine

Dimedrol

Aminophylline

Mesatonum

181. A man with a long-term history of bronchial asthma died from asphyxi a. Histological examination of his lungs revealed that the lumens of bronchioles and minor bronchi contained a lot of mucus with some eosinophils. There was also sclerosis of interalveolar septa, dilatation of alveole lumens. What mechanism accounts for the development of hypersensitivity reaction?

Granulomatosis

Lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis

Cytotoxic reaction

Reagine reaction

Immune complex reaction

182. A mother consulted a pediatrician about small white filiform worms about 1 cm long with pointed ends that she found on her childs underwear. According to the mother, the child sleeps badly, grits his teeth, scrathes the area of anus. Specify the helminth type:

Pinworm

Armed tapeworm

Trichuris

Hookworm

Ascarid

183. A patient under test was subjected to a moderate physical stress. His minute blood volume amounted 10 l/min. What blood volume was pumped through his lung vessels every minute?

L/min

4 l/min

5 l/min

6 l/min

7 l/min

184. After severe viral hepatitis a 4-year-old boy presents with vommiting, occasional loss of consciousness, convulsions. Blood test revealed hyperammoniemi a. Such condition is caused by a disorder of the following biochemical hepatic process:

Protein synthesis inhibition

Activation of amino acid decarboxylation

Disorder of biogenic amines neutralization

Periodontium

Cement

Dentin

Pulp

186. An inflammation is characterized by the dilatation of blood capillaries in the region of injury, reduced circulation, increased permeability of vessel walls. What cells play the main part in the development of these changes?

Plasmocytes

Macrophages

Eosinophils

Tissue basophils

Fibroblasts

187. On the 2-3 day after stomach resection a patient is still experiencing a failure of intestinal peristalsis. In order to stimulate the motility of gastrointestinal tract the following drug should be administered:

Atropine sulphate

Noradrenaline hydrotartrate

Proserin

Prazosin

Cyclodolum

188. A 65-year-old patient with chronic heart failure has been taking digitoxin in self-administered dosages for a long tim e. She was admitted to the hospital for general health aggravation, arrhythmia, nausea, reduced diuresis, insomni a. What is the primary action to be taken?

To administer strophanthine intravenously

To withhold digitoxin

To administer digoxin

To give an intravenous injection of calcium gluconate solution

To reduce digitoxin dosage

189. Elderly people often complain of joint pain that can be associated with age-related changes of tissue covering the joint surfac e. What tissue is it?

Elastic cartilage

Epithelial

Bone tissue

Connective tissue proper

Hyaline cartilage

190. There is a strict time limit for people to stay at a height of 8000 m above sea level without oxigen cyllinders. Specify the life-limiting factor in this case:

Humidity rate

Secretin

Histamine

Neurotensin

Gastrin

192. Microscopic examination of a parenchymatous organ revealed that its epithelial cords formed glomerular, fascicular and reticular zones. The central part of the organ was presented by accumulations of chromaffin cells. Specify this organ:

Liver

Thyroid gland

Hypophysis

Epiphysis

Adrenal gland

193. A section of pulmonary tissue has a large-meshed look due to the sacciform and cylindric dilatation of the bronchi; microscopical examination of the bronchial wall reveals a leucocytal infiltration with neutrophil prevalence; elastic, muscle fibers as well as cartilage plates are partly destroyed and replaced by the connective tissu e. The adjacent pulmonary tissue has inflammation foci, fibrosis areas, vascular sclerosis and signs of emphysem a. The right ventricle hypertrophy is present. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Pneumofibrosis

Pulmonary emphysema

Interstitial pneumonia

Chronic bronchitis

Multiple bronchiectasis

194. A 1,7-year-old child with a developmental delay and manifestations of self-agression has the concentration of uric acid in blood at the rate of 1,96 millimole/l. What metabolic disoder is this typical for?

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Cushings basophilism

Gierkes disease

Podagra

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

195. Two weeks after haemotransfusion a patient has developed fever. What protozoal disease can be suspected?

Amebiasis

Toxoplasmosis

Trypanosomiasis

Leishmaniasis

Malaria

196. Examination of a kidney tissue sampling revealed leukocyte infiltration of interstitial tissue; miliary abscesses; dystrophic tubules filled with desquamated epithelium and leukocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Glomerulonephritis

Pyelonephritis

Pyelitis

Nephrolithiasis

Necrotic nephrosis

197. A veterenary attendant working at a cattle farm complains of joint pain, fever, indisposition and sweating at nighttime that he has been experiencing for a month. Giving the regard to such presentations and occupational history the doctor suspected brucellosis. What material taken from this patient is to be analyzed in a common microbiological laboratory?

Vomit mass

Urine

Feces

Blood serum

Spinal fluid

198. After a tourniquet application a patient was found to have petechial haemorrhages. The reason for it is the dysfunction of the following cells:

Neutrophils

Monocytes

Eosinophils

Lymphocytes

Platelets

199. A patient has a trauma of sternocleidomastoid muscl e. This caused a decrease in value of the following indicator of external respiration:

Expiratory reserve volume

Respiratory capacity

Residual volume

Functional residual lung capacity

Inspiratory reserve volume

199. A month after a serious operation a 38-year-old patient has recovered and has now positive nitrogen balanc e. Urine of this patient may be found to have low concentration of the following nitrogen-containing substance:

17-ketosteroids

Galactose

Stercobilinogen

Lactate

Urea

200. During a visit to a dentist a patient has developed collaps e. What drug can be applied to manage this situation?

Strophanthine

Nitroglycerine

Seduxen

Propanolol

Mesaton

 

Itsenko-Cushing syndrome

Secondary aldosteronism

Primary aldosteronism

Conns syndrome

Pheochromocytoma

53. An electronic microphotography shows epidermis with some dendritic cells among common cubic cells. These cells have a well-developed Golgi complex, a lot of ribosomes and melanosomes. These cells are called:

Keratinocytes

Tissue basophils

Melanocytes

Langerhans cells

Merkels cells

54. Dehelmintization of a patient revealed some long fragments of a helminth with segmented structur e. Mature segments were rectangular, 30x12 mm large, closed-type matrix was in form of a stem with 17-35 lateral branches. Specify this helminth:

Alveococcus

Armed tapeworm

Echinococcus

Hookless tapeworm

Dwarf tapeworm

55. A patient has some vesicles on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, lips and nos e. A dentist suspected vesicular stomatitis. What analysis will allow to confirm the diagnosis?

Contamination of animals with the vesicular fluid

Recovery of virus from the vesicular fluid

Microscopy of the vesicular fluid

Allergy test

Recovery of bacteria from the vesicular fluid

56.A patient has myocardial infarction in the region of the anterior wall of the left ventricl e. Circulatory dysfunction occurred in the following vascular basin:



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