Match the words from the text with their definitions.

1. An applicant a) is a person who gives work to other people

and pays them for it.

2. A referee b) is a person who is in charge of an

organization or a department.

3. An employer c) is a person who has a less important

position than you in the organization for

which you work.

4. An employee d) is a person to whom a company,

an organization, or a shop belongs.

5. The boss e) is a person who formally ask to be given

a job.

6. The owner f) is a person who is paid to work for

another person.

7. A subordinate g) is a person who gives you a reference

when you are applying for a position.

8. Your chief h) is a person who holds a higher position

than you or has authority over you in the

organization for which you work.

9. A superior i) is the person who has authority over you

In a job. (Informal)

10. The head j) is a person who sets up an enterprise in

order to make a profit.

11. An entrepreneur

12. An inferior

 

4. You know that employer should look for three qualities:

a) intelligence and ability; b) emotional stability; c) conscientiousness.

Do you agree? Explain your opinion.

Complete the table with the adjectives below. What other words can you add?

 

astute bright calm clever easy-going hard-working moody neurotic punctual quick-tempered reliable responsible sharp slow

 

Intelligence and Emotional Conscientiousness Ability stability

Bright calm reliable

 

5. Match the words on the left with the correct synonyms on the right.

post skilled

qualified reliability

personnel managerial

dependability position

supervisory resume

CV advantage

letter of application human resource

strength cover letter

 

6. Translate the following sentences:

1. В наши дни трудно найти хорошую работу.2. Цель сопроводительного письма - заинтересовать потенциального работодателя.3. Сопроводительное письмо прилагается к резюме.4. Оно должно быть тщательно подготовлено.5. По возможности адресуйте его конкретному человеку.6. Не допускайте ошибок в грамматике и пунктуации.7. Во время интервью и после него ведите себя вежливо и корректно.8. Помните, что то, что мы делаем, зачастую более важно, чем то, что мы говорим.

Check up your memory.

1. Why is it difficult to find a good job?

2. What qualities are of value among employers?

3. How should cover letters be prepared?

4. What personal qualities should one emphasize during the interview?

 

Prepare the retelling of the text.

COMMUNICATION

Make up a dialogue on the basis of the following situation.

You are the first time job seeker. You are interviewed by an employer of a company.

GRAMMAR

PARTICIPIAL I, II

Participle I (Present Participle) – причастие настоящего времени:

Залог	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Переходные Глаголы
Indefinite	Sending 1. посылающий 2. посылая	Being sent 1. посылаемый 2. будучи посылаемым
Perfect	Having sent послав	Having been sent когда (так как) послали
Непереходные глаголы
Indefinite	Coming 1. приходящий 2. приходя	-
Perfect	Having come придя	-

 

Participle II (Past Participle) – причастие прошедшего времени:

sent 1. отсылаемый, отосланный 2. когда (так как) отослали

 

Translate the sentences, using Participle I or Participle II.

1. A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow.

2. He saw some people in the post office sending telegrams.

3. Some of the questions put to the lecturer yesterday were very important.

4. While putting the eggs into the basket, she broke one of them.

5. The right word spoken at the right time may have very important results.

6. The students speaking good English must help their groupmates.

 

Choose the correct form of Participles in brackets.

1. ___ (Signing/having signed) the contract, the president left for Germany.

2. The manager wants everything ___ (finishing/finished) today.

3. At that time the parties were ___ (discussing/discussed) the terms and conditions of the contract.

4. We listened to the girls___ (singing/sung) Russian folk songs.

5. The house ___ (surrounding/surrounded) by tall trees is lovely.

6. (Going/gone) ___ along the street, I met Mary and Ann.

 

UNIT 4. LEADERSHIP

“We all work together as a team. And

that means you do everything I say.”

Michael Caine, British film actor

 

WARMING UP.

1. Which modern or historical leaders do you most admire?

2. What makes a great leader? Write down a list of characteristics.

3. What is the difference between a manager and a leader?

 

READING

1. Read and learn the following new words:

· leadership style - стиль руководства

· behavior pattern - модель поведения

· attitude to - отношение к

· order - приказ, заказ, порядок

· authoritarian -авторитарный, властный

· autocracy -автократия, автократический стиль управления

· autocrat - автократ, диктатор

· to rely on -полагаться на

· to revise one`s view -пересматривать взгляды

· to reverse - отменять

· objection - возражение

· equality -равенство

· rival- соперник, конкурент

· assembly line - сборочная линия, конвейер

· manufacturing supervision - производственный контроль

Read the text and translate it into Russia.

Leadership Styles

A style of leadership is the way people manage business and other organizations. It is characterized both by the actions aimed at operating a company and by a leader's behaviour at work, his or her attitude to employees and peers. All leaders and managers are different people, they have different characters, background, experience. But all of them follow these or those ideas of managing businesses or organizations, this or that manner of leadership accepted in a society.

Traditionally, experts distinguish two styles of leader­ship: autocratic and democratic.

The autocratic style is based on the absolute authority of the person who heads a company. It is a style of management in which the leader makes decisions and gives orders without consulting with other people.

Autocratic leaders are not interested in other people's ideas and opinions. They don't believe in their subordinates' creative abilities and professional skills. Autocrats don't trust anyone, they only rely on themselves. That's why they never ask other people's advice and take decisions independently. Autocratic leaders are usually self-confident and tough. They don't like to admit their mistakes, revise their views or reverse their decisions. Autocrats hate objections. They are often unjust to their subordinates. People don't like to work under such leaders.

The democratic style is based on the principles of equality and equal opportunities for all. It is a style of management in which all the staff are involved in making decisions.

Democratic leaders encourage people to express their ideas and opinions. They develop and stimulate their subordinates' creative abilities and skills. Talented and experienced workers help the chief to take important decisions. Democratic leaders consult with their team and value people's opinions. They reward their supporters. Democratic leaders are ready to admit their mistakes and take a new, correct decision. They are friendly. They understand employees and are ready to help them. De­mocratic leaders create a favourable atmosphere at work. People like to work under such leaders.

In textbooks on management, experts oppose Henry Ford to Alfred P. Sloane Jr. Both were great leaders in automobile industry. They were rivals, and their leadership styles were different.

Henry Ford (1863-1947) was a legendary American businessman and engineer. He started making cars in 1896 and founded the Ford Motor Company in 1903. He developed the idea of the assembly line, and the company produced a lot of cars. Ford designed the famous model T Ford, which made him one of the richest and most famous people in the USA. It was the first popular, cheap car, and many people bought it. All the cars were black and he refused to change the colour. Ford used to say, «Any colour you choose so long as it's black». The company workers made 5 dollars a week — it was high pay at that time.

Henry Ford was a classic autocrat. He maintained strict discipline. He gave orders, and his workers obeyed. Ford fired his employees if they disagreed with him. For many years the company continued to produce the same black car, as Ford didn't want to change anything. That's why finally, the company lost its leading position on the US market.

Alfred P. Sloane Jr. was President of General Motors. He was a democratic leader. First the company was not successful. But Sloane introduced a new system of mana­gement, and business become profitable. The President created a strong management team and delegated responsibilities to the team members. His supporters were involved in making decisions. He worked out an effective system of manufacturing supervision and work control. General Motors won its competition with the Ford Motor Company.

Old leaders were mostly authoritarian. Autocratic leadership worked during difficult periods of war and economic depression. At present management has become more democratic.