Look up the words in a dictionary, find their pronunciation, read them aloud and learn new words and phrases by heart.

hemisphere
triangular prism		треугольная призма
pyramid		пирамида
rectangular prism		прямоугольный параллелепипед
cylinder		цилиндр
minaret		минарет
mosque		мечеть
steel building beam		стальная строительная балка
a steel channel		стальной швеллер желоб; выемка; паз, шпунт, двутавр
slab		панель, плита

NOTE!!! In architecture, shape is usually thought of as two dimensional and form as three dimensional. Thus form can be defined as a three-dimensional shape. However, the two terms are often used interchangeably.

Task 2. Look at these:

 

Here are some examples of basic forms:

 

 

	a hemisphere	a triangular prism
a cube
a pyramid	a rectangular prism
a cylinder
a cone

 

			dome
a hotel	a minaret	an Egyptian house	a mosque
a brick	an Arabic arch	a Roman arch	the structure of a factory
a church	a power station	a steel building beam	a steel channel

 

Note.

Descriptive statements in the simple present:

Noun phrase + be + (shaped like + noun phrase/adjective + in shape/noun –shaped/adjective):

E.g. The brick is shaped like a rectangular prism.

The cross-section of a brick is rectangular in shape.

The minaret is pencil-shaped. The col­umn is solid.

Noun phrase + have + noun phrase:

E.g. The building has five flat external surfaces.

Statements of property:

Noun phrase + be + adjective:

E.g. Steel is elastic.

Noun phrase + have + the property of + noun phrase:

E.g. Steel has the property of high tensile strength.

Connectives used in comparing and contrasting: both... and; neither... nor; but, whereas, however, on the other hand

Phrases of restatement: this means; in other words; i.e.

 

Ex. 1. Look at this example:

 

The brick is shaped like a rectangular prism.

 

Now complete these sentences:

1. The hotel is shaped like a …

2. The top of the minaret ….

3. The dome of the Egyptian house ….

4. The column …

5. The slab …

6. The church ….

7. The power station building …

 

B. Look at this table of the adjectival form of the three dimensional shares:

 

NOUN	ADJECTIV
cube	cubic
hemisphere	hemispheric
prism	prismatic
pyramid	pyramidal
cone	conical
cylinder	cylindrical

 

Use ex. 1 and make sentences like this: The brick is prismatic in shape

 

Task 3. Look at these drawings of two-dimensional shapes and guess the meanings of these words:

 

a square shape	a circular shape	a semi-circular shape
a rectangular shape	a triangular shape

Now look and read:

 

	The cross-section of a square prism is square in shape
	The longitudinal section of square prism is rectangular in shape.

 

Make sentences using this table:

 

The cross-section of the	brick	is	square	in shape.
hotel	circular
The longitudinal section of the	top of the minaret	semi- circular
column	rectangular
church	triangular

Task 4. Answer these questions about the drawings in task 2:

 

1. Which building is pencil-shaped?

2. Which building component is I-shaped in cross-section?

3. Which building component is C-shaped in cross-section?

4. Which dome is egg-shaped?

5. Which arch is horseshoe-shaped?

6. Which building has diamond-shaped windows?

Task 5. Look, read and try to guess the meanings of italicized words.

a tube is hollow	a rod is solid	a curved surface	flat surface	projecting
recessed	flush	convex
	e.g. The power station is hollow. It has five flat external surfaces.
	concave

 

A. Describe these buildings and components in a similar way:

 

1. The church

2. The slab

3. The column

4. The mosque

5. The steel beam

 

Note!!! Some building materials are formless. For example the powders such as cement and liquids such as paint.

Look at the table and say what materials are formed and what are formless.

 

Formed materials	Formless materials
Natural stone Precast concrete Clay (dried, fired) Metal Wood Vegetable and animal materials: fiber building board paper grasses hessian bark, cork hair, wool, leather Inorganic fibers: glass wool/ fibers asbestos wool/ fibers carbon fibers Rubber Plastics Glass	Aggregates: crushed stones gravel sand Lime and cement blinders Mortars Concretes Gypsum plasters Bituminous materials: asphalt bitumen tar pitch Paints Adhesives Preservatives Water Cleaning materials Gases

 

B. Describe the shapes of buildings in Task 2 and compare them with the buildings around you.