Fundamentals of construction

(ОСНОВЫ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА)

 

Допущено Ученым советом университета

в качестве учебного пособия по дисциплине

"Деловой английский язык"

для студентов старших курсов специальности

270102.65 "Промышленное гражданское строительство"

 

 

Мурманск

УДК

ББК

Максимова Е.М. Основы строительства: учеб. пособие по дисциплине "Английский язык" для спец. 270102.65 "Промышленное гражданское строительство". / Е.М. Максимова. - Мурманск: Изд-во МГТУ, 2008. - 128 с.

 

Составлено в соответствии с программными требованиями и помогает студентам овладеть профессиональным языком. Тексты и упражнения дают студентам возможность повысить уровень владения английским языком.

Предназначено для студентов старших курсов специальности 270102.65 "Промышленное гражданское строительство".

This manual has been written according to the course programme and helps students to master professional English. The texts and exercises provide opportunities for improving the students' level of English.

It is intended for senior students of the speciality 270102.65 "Civil engineering ".

 

Список лит. - 3 названия.

 

Рецензенты -

М.М. Лукина, заведующая кафедрой иностранных языков и методики преподавания Мурманского государственного педагогического университета   С.Ю. Буряченко, начальник отдела государственного строительного надзора департамента строительного и жилищно-коммунального хозяйства Мурманской области.

 

Евгения Михайловна Максимова

Основы строительства

Редактор Г.В. Зобнина

 

ISBN	© Мурманский государственный технический университет, 2008
	© Евгения Михайловна Максимова, 2008

 

Оглавление

 

Введение....................................................................................................... 4

Part 1…………………………………………………………………………….5

Unit 1.Engineering………………………………………………………………5

Unit 2.Civil Engineering................................................................................ 7

Unit 3.From the history of building............................................................ 14

Unit 4 Fundamentals of construction.......................................................... 23

Unit 5 Construction materials..................................................................... 32

Unit 6 Properties and shapes...................................................................... 40

Unit 7 Education in the field of Civil Engineering in Russia and in the Murmansk Region…………………………………………………………………. 51

Unit 8 Activities of Civil Engineers……………………………………………62

Part 1……………………………………………………………………………71

Unit 1 Supplementary texts …………………………………………………….71

Unit 2 Grammar exercises………………………………………………………78

English-Russian Dictionary……………………………………………………..82

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

 

Настоящее пособие предназначено для студентов старших курсов естественно-технического факультета МГТУ, обучающихся по специальности «Промышленное и гражданское строительство» по дисциплине «Деловой английский язык». Лексическим материалом для него послужили оригинальные тексты и специальные словари.

В пособие также включены предтекстовые и послетекстовые лексические упражнения, целью которых является расширение активного и пассивного словаря специальной терминологии и закрепление навыков монологической и диалогической речи. Кроме того, пособие содержит упражнения для активизации грамматического материала, изученного на 1-2 курсах.

В результате изучения данного пособия студенты должны расширить свой лексический запас за счет новых слов и терминов, научиться говорить на английском языке на темы, связанные с их будущей профессиональной деятельностью.

 

PART I

UNIT1

Engineering

Answer the following questions.

 

1. Where do you study?

2. What year student are you?

3. What faculty do you study at?

4. What is your future profession?

5. Why did you choose this profession?

6. When do the students begin to specialize in their particular field?

7. What subjects do you study this year?

8. What subjects are you good at?

9. What subject is the most difficult for you?

10. Are there any subjects you would like to drop?

11. How are you assessed? Do you think this is fair?

12. What subjects do you consider to be useful for your future profession?

13. Have you already had a practical training? Where? Did you like this experience? Do you think it will help you in you future profession?

14. Where would you like to work after graduation from the university?

2. Study this list of points to consider when deciding whether to study engineering. Tick [+] the statements which refer to you. Then ask your partner which statements refer to him or her.

 

1. You enjoy practical projects - creating and investigating things.

2. You like finding out how things work.

3. You are interested in improving the environment.

4. You like helping people.

5. You enjoy solving problems.

6. You enjoy organizing activities.

7. You enjoy science programmes on TV or on the radio.

8. You sometimes read articles on scientific or engineering topics.

9. You have a lot of determination and stamina.

If you have ticked most of these statements, engineering is the right course of study for you.

 

3. What branches of engineering do you know? List the main branches of engineering.
Combine your list with others in your group. Then read this text to find out how many of the branches listed are mentioned.

 

Engineering - what's it all about?

 

Engineering is largely a practical activity. It's about putting ideas into action. Civil engineering is concerned with making bridges, roads, airports, etc. Mechanical engineering deals with design and manufacture of tools and machines. Electrical engineering is about the generation and distribution of electricity and its many applications. Electronic engineering is concerned with developing components and equipment and communications, computing, and so on.

Mechanical engineering includes marine, automobile, aeronautical, heating and ventilating, and others. Electrical engineering includes electricity generating, electrical installation, lighting, etc. Mining and medical engineering belong partly to mechanical and partly to electrical.

- Write down the structure of engineering in the form of a diagram, using the information from the text (work in groups).

- Discuss your diagrams in class.

- Decide what branch of engineering civil engineering is.

4. a) Name some of the areas in which engineers work. What kind of engineers work in the areas which you have mentioned?

b) Read the following texts to check your answers to task 4a).

Transport: Cars, trains, ships and planes are all products of mechanical engineering. Mechanical engineers are also involved in support services such as roads, rail track, harbours, and bridges.

Food processing: Mechanical engineers design, develop and, make the machines and the processing equipment for harvesting, preparing and preserving the foods and drinks that fill the supermarkets.

Medical engineering: Body scanners, X-ray machines, life-support systems, and other high-tech equipment result from mechanical and electrical engineers combining with medical experts to convert ideas into life-saving and preserving products.

Building services: electrical engineers provide all the services we need in our homes places of work, including lighting, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, refrigeration, and lifts. Energy and power: Electrical engineers are concerned with the production and distribution of electricity to homes, offices, industry, hospitals, colleges and schools, and the installation and maintenance of the equipment involved in these processes.

c) What are different types of engineers or different branches of engineering concerned with? Answer this question using the information from texts 4b) and the pattern:

Pattern:

A	B
mechanical	machines

1. Mechanical engineering deals with machines.

2. Mechanical engineers deal with machines.

3. Mechanical engineering is concerned with machines.

4. Mechanical engineers are concerned with machines.

5. Machines are the concern of mechanical engineers.

 

A	B
1 marine	A air-conditioning
2 aeronautical	B roads and bridges
3 heating and ventilating	C body scanners
4 electricity generating	D cables and swithchgear
5 automobile	E communications and equipment
6 civil	F ships
7 electronic	G planes
8 electrical installation	H cars and trucks
9 medical	I power stations

d) What is civil engineering concerned with? Read the texts about civil engineering and find the answer to this question. Before reading do tasks to the texts. (See unit II)

Unit II

Civil Engineering