D. Think of your own sentences using the words and word combinations from Task C. Read your sentences to your group-mates.

Task 4. In the table match the synonyms (the words with similar meaning). Consult the dictionary if necessary:

1. large	a. smart, intelligent
2. physician	b. freshman
3. communicative	c. big
4. clever	d. sophomore
5. to love	e. to like
6. first-year-student	f. junior
7. second-year-student	g. doctor
8. third-year-student	h. graduate student
9. fourth-year-student	i. easy-going, sociable, good-mixer
10. fifth-year-student	j. senior

Task 5. Find antonyms to the following words in the text. Antonyms are the words with the opposite meaning:

1) to start; 2) easy; 3) small; 4) nervous, naughty; 5) lazy; 6) younger; 7) weak.

Task 6. A. Read the definitions and guess the words:

1) A person who understands people’s characters.

2) My mother’s son to me.

3) A person who treats diseases with medicines.

4) My sister’s daughter to me.

5) My mother’s mother.

6) My father’s sister.

7) A person who trains pupils at school.

8) The science of numbers, including Algebra, Geometry and Arithmetic.

9) My sister’s husband.

10) The study of events in the past.

B. Define the following words in English:

1) my sister; 2) hard-working; 3) lawyer; 4) nephew; 5) grandfather; 6) uncle; 7) mother-in-law; 8) psychology; 9) Economy.

Grammar

Task 7. A. Find the sentences with numerals (числительные) in the text. Translate them into Russian. Explain English rules of numeral s formation. Look through the table and check yourself:

1 – one	11 – eleven	10 – ten	21 – twenty-one
2 – two	12 – twelve	20 – twenty	22 – twenty-two
3 – three	13 – thirteen	30 – thirty	23 – twenty-three
4 – four	14 – fourteen	40 – forty	24 – twenty-four
5 – five	15 – fifteen	50 – fifty	25 – twenty-five
6 – six	16 – sixteen	60 – sixty	26 – twenty-six
7 – seven	17 – seventeen	70 – seventy	27 – twenty-seven
8 – eight	18 – eighteen	80 – eighty	28 – twenty-eight
9 – nine	19 – nineteen	90 – ninety	29 – twenty-nine
10 – ten	20 – twenty	100 – one hundred

See also Lesson 13.

B. Do you remember that numerals can be cardinal (количественные) and ordinal (порядковые)?

Continue: one – the first, two – the second, three -…, four - …, five - …, six - …, seven -…, eight - …, nine - …, ten -…, …

Task 8. Read the sentences:

a) 1. Ten plus eleven equals twenty-one. 2. Thirty-four plus sixty-two equals ninety-six. 3. Eighty-three minus sixteen equals sixty-seven. 4. Forty-one minus five is thirty six.

b) 1) 12+20=32; 2) 14+35=49; 3) 25+64=…? 4) 68+31=…? 5) 100-31=69; 6) 98-13=85; 7) 74-63=…? 8) 57-12=…?

c) 1) Ann is 21. 2) My elder brother is 29. 3) Jack Smith is 18 years old. 4) At the age of 17 he entered University. 5) When he was 9 he went to Spain. 6) I will graduate from the University at 21. 7) He wrote his most famous novel when he was 68. 8) At 16 you can receive your driving license. 9) You can be elected a president if you are 35.

Task 9. Find the sentences with “there is/there are” constructions in the text. Translate them into Russian. Which of them are singular and which are plural? Explain their usage and meaning in the English language. Check yourself looking through the table:

Использование	Употребляется для выражения наличия или отсутствия какого-либо лица или предмета в определенном месте
Перевод	Имеется, находится, есть, существует
Формула	There is/ there are + subject + adverbial modifier of place/ adverbial modifier of time
Утвердительная форма	There is a book on the table. There arebooks on the table. There is a lamp and three books on the table.
Отрицательная форма	There is no book on the table. There isn’t a book on the table. There are no books on the table. There aren’t any books on the table.
Вопросительная форма	Is there a book on the table? Are there books on the table? What is there on the table? Is there a book or a magazine on the table? There is a book on the table, isn’t it?

Task 10. Tick the right sentences with the construction “there is/ there are”:

1. There are many children in the garden.

Many children there are in the garden.

2. There is pen on the table.

There is a pen on the table.

3. There is a boy and two girls in the room.

There are a boy and two girls in the room.

4. Is there a book on the shelf?

Are there a book on the shelf?

5. There is no a lamp in the room.

There is no lamp in the room.

Task 11. Make your own sentences with the construction “there is/ there are”.

Task 12. Find the sentences with the possessive case of nouns in the text. Translate them into Russian. Explain their use and rules of formation in the English language. Check yourself and look through the table:

Форму притяжательного падежа обычно имеют лишь одушевленные существительные, обозначающие живое существо, которому принадлежит какой-нибудь предмет, качество или признак. the child’stoy (игрушка ребенка) the girl’svoice (голос девочки) Cуществительное в единственном числе образует притяжательный падеж при помощи окончания s, перед которым стоит особый знак ‘, называемый «апостроф». Общий падеж Притяжательный падеж the boy (мальчик) the boy’s table (стол мальчика) Окончание притяжательного падежа читается как [s] после глухих согласных, [z] после звонких согласных и гласных и как [Iz] после s, ss, ch, tch, x: cat’s [kxts], man’s [mxnz], boy’s [bOIz], actress’s ['xktrIsIz], fox’s ['fOksIz]. Для существительных, образующих множественное число с помощью s, притяжательный падеж на письме обозначается только апострофом. При этом формы общего и притяжательного падежей звучат одинаково. the boys (мальчики) the boys’ tables (столы мальчиков) Те существительные, которые во множественном числе не имеют окончания s, образуют форму притяжательного падежа при помощи окончания s, перед которым стоит апостроф. the children (дети) the children’s books (книги детей)

The child’s toys – the children’s toys Игрушки ребенка – игрушки детей The boy’s books – the boys’ books Книги мальчика – книги мальчиков But: the wall of the room – стена этой комнаты

Task 13. Translate the sentences from English into Russian:

1. Elena is Aleksey’s wife.

2. Aleksey is Elena’s husband.

3. Irina is Aleksey’s daughter.

4. Oleg is Andrey Victorovich’s son.

5. Her brother’s name is Oleg.

6. Tanya’s family is large.

7. Tanya’s pet is a cat.

 

Task 14. Translate the sentences from Russian into English:

1. Любимые Танины школьные предметы – это биология и социальные науки.
2. Ее отца зовут Андрей Викторович.
3. Жене ее брата 20 лет.
4. Танин младший брат учится в школе.
5. Отец этих детей – врач.
6. Брат моей подруги женат.

Task 15. Correct the sentences using possessive case where possible:

1. The textbooks of these students are on the desk.
2. The family of Tanya Ivanova is large.
3. The flat of my friend is small.
4. The floor of the room is brown.
5. The children of my brother are at home.
6. He is the son of Andrey Ivanov.
7. I’ve lost the book of my mother.

Task 16. Write down your own sentences using the possessive case of nouns.

Comprehension

Task 17. Answer the questions:

1. Who is Tanya Ivanova?
2. Where does she live?
3. What were Tanya’s favourite subjects at school?
4. What is her future profession?
5. Is her family large or small?
6. Where does her father work?
7. Tanya’s elder brother lives with them, doesn’t he?
8. Is Oleg Tanya’s elder or younger brother?
9. Are there any pets in the family?

Task 18. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements:

1. Tanya finished school number 22 in Moscow.
2. At school Tanya liked Sociology.
3. Tanya’s University is named after M.Y. Lermontov.
4. Tanya wants to be a psychologist because she likes to mix with people.
5. Tanya has two sisters.
6. Her mother’s profession is a lawyer.
7. Tanya has a nephew.
8. Oleg is a good-mixer.
9. Tanya’s family is a loving one.

Task 19. A. Write down titles to each passage of the text.

B. Write out the key sentences for each point of the plan.

C. Speak about Tanya’s family.

Task 20. Write down the story of your own family using the text. Tell it to your group-mates.

Additional reading

Task 21. Read the texts and make their outline. Express your opinion about the family relationships from the author’s point of view. Give your own idea of family relationships. Read about British and American families. Compare them with Russian families.

Text A. The family relationships

The family is very important as a unit in our society. Nothing else but family can be an emotional centre of people's life, can be a transmitter of culture and raising children.

Every mother feels great affection for her children and tries to bring them up in a proper way. Understanding between the members of the family and consideration for others are very important in family relationship. Tenderness, warm-heartedness and respect must always be present in the family to make it friendly. A lot of activities help members of the family to be on friendly terms: discussing all the family plans together, going on trips hikes together, visiting museums, theatres, exhibitions and exchanging opinions about them, sharing the same joys and sorrows.

If you think of the others in the family you show your love and attention in everyday life, you can hurt them if you are selfish, not sincere and rude. It is very important to visit relatives on holidays, on birthdays, on anniversaries and develop close relationship. We feel more affection for our relatives when we are parted from them. The proverb says, " Absence makes the heart grow fonder". When the family is friendly, everybody has the warmed feelings of returning home where dear relatives are waiting for them.

There are different opinions on how children should be treated if they disobey their parents, break the rules, do forbidden things, don't keep their words or promises. Some people think that parents should be patient, kind and understanding. The rules and children's behaviours are discussed in such families. But others believe that children ought always to obey the parents and if they won't they should be punished. From my point of view, such principles won't do a lot of good. Fear and punishment will lead to selfishness, cruelty and lies. But "love and kindness will save the world".

 

We are the family of two. I live with my mother. We don't have such problems as misunderstanding between the members of the family. I think that it is due to the age of my parents and their character. My mother is 40 years old, she is a lawyer. She is a kind, clever and responsible woman. My mother is always ready to give me necessary information, moral support and some good advice.

It is common knowledge that there is no place like a home. We are dedicated to our homes, we give them much love, care and enthusiasm. A man's house is his castle. I like my home and I want to tell you more about it.

I live in Kuprijanov St. in the centre of our city. We moved into this flat several years ago. Now it is a place where I feel it ease and enjoy every minute of my staying there. We have a washing-machine, a vacuum cleaner, a refrigerator, a freezer, a hand-mixer, a computer and other things which I consider to be quite necessary as they make our life easier and help to solve a lot of problems in the shortest possible time. We have 2 rooms, a kitchen and a bathroom. When you drop into our flat you come into a lobby, where you can take off your coat, shoes and hat. I'm very happy to have a room for myself, where I feel quiet and comfortable. It is a place where I can relax, read a book and listen to music. There are yellow blinds and a writing table, a sofa, a bookcase where I keep my favourite books. There are a lot of things in my room which can tell about myself, about my friends and relatives. You can find frames with photos of my parents and best friends on the walls, little pictures. They remind me happy moments of my life and that is why are very dear for me. You may be surprised, but the most popular and favourite place for all of us is the kitchen. Every Sunday my mother makes a cake and we gather together, discuss our problems and make plans for the next week. Our kitchen isn't large and looks the usual modern kitchen you can see in many other homes.

I can tell a lot about my home, but to make a long story short I can say, that speaking about my home, I don't mean a flat as it is, I mean people, who are dear to me, who love me and are always waiting for me. That is why, wherever I were I would always hurry home.