Task 8. Read the text and translate it. 


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Task 8. Read the text and translate it.



David Cameron

David Cameron, in full David William Donald Cameron was born on October 9, 1966, London, England.

David Cameron is the Conservative Party leader who has been Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since May of 2010. David Cameron was born in London but grew up in Berkshire, England. He attended Eton and then received a first class degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics from Oxford in 1988. After Oxford, Cameron came into politics with a job in the research department of the Conservative Party. David Cameron was elected as a Member of Parliament for Witney, Oxfordshire in 2001 and became a party leader in 2005. He was often compared to Tony Blair, who played a similarly rejuvenating role for the Labor Party a decade earlier. The Conservative Party made an unexpectedly strong showing in the elections of 6 May 2010, and Cameron was asked by Queen Elizabeth II to form a new government when Gordon Brown resigned on 11 May 2010. In 2015 he was retained as a prime minister after the Conservative Party won, what the BBC called a "shock election victory"; the Conservatives instead won 331 seats, a clear majority of the 650 seats in Parliament.

David Cameron married Samantha Sheffield in 1996. Their son Ivan was born in 2002 with cerebral palsy and epilepsy; Ivan died on 25 February 2009. They have three other children: Nancy (b. 2004), Arthur (b. 2006) and Florence (b. 2010).

Task 9. Tell in short about the political system of Great Britain and famous leaders of this country.

Task 10. Enjoy some bits of humor and offer your comment.

v The problem with political jokes is that they get elected!

v The government is sneaky. They raise the tax on alcohol, then make sure that the country is in such a mess that you drink more.

v Honesty in politics is much like oxygen. The higher up you go, the scarcer it becomes.

v During Britain's "brain drain," not a single politician left the country.

Тема 4. СИСТЕМА ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ

EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN GREAT BRITAIN

Task 1. Learn the following words and expressions:

1. compulsory обязательный
2. free бесплатный
3. to attend посещать
4. nursery school детский сад (государственный)
5. letter буква
6. to keep an eye on smb. следить за кем-либо
7. primary school младшие классы, начальная школа
8. infant school школа для малышей, младшая школа
9. junior school начальная школа от 7 до 12 лет
10. to get acquainted знакомиться
11. secondary education среднее образование
12. to be divided into быть разделенным на …
13. science естествознание
14. art изобразительное искусство
15. core subject основной предмет
16. comprehensive school общеобразовательная (единая) школа
17. ability способность
18. grammar school грамматическая школа
19. entrance поступление
20. single sexed school школы, разделённые по половому признаку
21. modern school современная школа
22. GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) экзамен на сертификат об окончании среднего образования
23. "A" (advanced) Level Exam экзамен уровня 'А' (продвинутого)
24. private school частная школа
25. boarding school школа интернат, пансион
26. preparatory school подготовительная школа
27. public school привилегированная частная школа
28. to apply подавать заявление
29. extramural заочный, вечерний
30. to assume предполагать
31. enrolment зачисление, регистрация
32. polytechnic политехникум
33. tutor преподаватель
34. Degree of a Bachelor степень бакалавра
35. Master's Degree степень магистра
36. Doctor's Degree степень доктора наук
37. matriculation зачисление в вуз
38. The General Council of M.E. Совет медицинского образования
39. IELTS (International English Language Testing System) Международная система тестирования по английскому языку

Task 2. Read and translate the text.

 

Education in Great Britain

Twelve million children attend about 40 000 schools in Britain. Education in Great Britain is compulsory and free for all children between the ages of 5 and 16. There are many children who attend a nursery school from the age of 3, but it is not compulsory. In nursery schools they learn some elementary things such as numbers, colours, and letters. Apart from that, babies play, have lunch and sleep there. Whatever they do, there is always someone keeping an eye on them.

Compulsory education begins at the age of 5 when children go to primary school. Primary education lasts for 6 years. It is divided into two periods:

· infant schools (pupils from 5 to 7 years old) and

· junior schools (pupils from 7 to 11 years old).

In infant schools children don't have real classes. They mostly play and learn through playing. But when pupils are 7, real studying begins. They don't already play so much as they did it in infant school. Now they have real classes, when they sit at desks, read, write and answer the teacher's questions.

Compulsory secondary education begins when children are 11 or 12 and lasts for 5 years. Secondary school is traditionally divided into 5 forms. Children study English, Mathematics, Science, History, Art, Geography, Music, a Foreign Language and have lessons of Physical training. Religious education is also provided. English, Mathematics and Science are called "core" subjects. At the age of 7, 11 and 14 pupils take examinations in the core subjects.

There are 3 types of state secondary schools in Great Britain. They are:

· comprehensive schools*, which take pupils of all abilities without exams. In such schools pupils are often put into certain sets or groups, which are formed according to their abilities for technical or humanitarian subjects. Almost all senior pupils (around 90 per cent) go there;

· grammar schools**, which give secondary education of a very high standard. Entrance is based on the test of ability, usually at 11. Grammar schools are single sexed schools;

· modern schools***, which don't prepare pupils for universities. Education in such schools gives good prospects for practical jobs.

After five years of secondary education, at the age of 16, pupils take the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examination. When they are in the third or in the fourth form, they begin to choose their exam subjects and prepare for them.

After finishing the fifth form pupils can make their choice: they may either leave school and go to a Further Education College or continue their education in the sixth form. Those who stay at school after GCSE, study for 2 more years for "A" (Advanced) Level Exams in two or three subjects which is necessary to get a place at one of British universities.

There are about 500 private schools in Great Britain. Most of these schools are boarding ones, where children live and study. Education in such schools is very expensive, that's why only 5 % of schoolchildren attend them. Private schools are also called preparatory (for children up to 13 years old) and public schools (for pupils from 13 to 18 years old). Any pupil can enter the best university of the country after leaving this school. The most famous British public schools are Eton, Harrow and Winchester.

There is a considerable enthusiasm for post-school education in Britain. The aim of the government is to increase the number of students who enter into higher education. The driving force for this has been mainly economy. It is assumed that the more people who study at degree level, the more likely the country are to succeed economically. A large proportion of young people – about a third in England and Wales and almost half in Scotland – continue education at a more A-level beyond the age of 18. Nearly every university offers access and foundation courses before enrolment on a course of higher education of prospective students who do not have the standard entry qualifications.

Higher education in Britain is traditionally associated with universities, though education of University standard is also given in other institutions such as colleges and institutes of higher education, which have the power to award their own degrees.

So after leaving secondary school young people can apply to a university, a polytechnic or a college of further education.

 

 

There are 126 universities in Britain. They are divided into some types:

· The Old ones, which were founded before the 19th century, such as Oxford and Cambridge;

· The Red Brick, which were founded in the 19th or 20th century;

· The Plate Glass, which were founded in 1960s;

· The Open University is the only university offering extramural education.

The best universities, in view of "The Times" and "The Guardian", are the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, London School of Economics, London Imperial College, and London University College.

Universities usually select students basing on their A-level results and an interview.

After three years of study a university graduates get the Degree of a Bachelor of Arts, Science or Engineering. Many students then continue their studies for a Master's Degree and then a Doctor's Degree (PhD).

____________________________

* comprehensive schools – единая школа, которая охватывает наибольшее количество учеников. Учебные заведения данного типа предлагают образовательную программу, где можно получить как теоретические, так и практические навыки.

 

** grammar schools –грамматические школы, в которых акцентируется внимание на академической составляющей, то есть детей готовят к поступлению и дальнейшему обучению в вузах.

 

*** modern schools – cовременные школы − учебные заведения, которые дают практическую подготовку для того, чтобы в ускоренном режиме получить профессиональную квалификацию.

 

Task 3. Find the answers to these questions in the text:

1. When do British boys and girls begin to go to school?

2. What subjects do they study at school?

3. How long does the secondary education last?

4. What subjects are called "core" subjects?

5. At what age do children have their exams?

6. What's the difference between modern and grammar schools?

7. What are the private schools?

8. Would you like to study in Britain? Why?

9. Compare British and Russian education.

10. What types of British universities do you know?

 



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