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Use the word in brackets to complete the sentences. Add the necessary prefix and put the word in the correct form.
Example: The runner was. disqualified.. after a blood test. (QUALIFY) 1 Children (and adults) love....... parcels at Christmas time. (WRAP) 2 I almost always find that I....... with his opinion. (AGREE) 3 I'm sure he's lying but it's going to be hard to …..his story. (PROVE) 4 After a brief speech the Queen..... the new statue. (VEIL) 5 It took the removal men an hour..... our things from the van. (LOAD) 6 His phone was............ because he didn't pay his last bill. (CONNECT)
3. Answer the following questions. The answers are all in the table opposite. 1 What kind of oven cooks things particularly fast? 2 What kind of drug can help somebody with an infection? 3 What kind of company has branches in many countries? 4 How does a passenger aeroplane normally fly? 5 What is a student who is studying for a second degree? 6 What means 'underground railway' in the US and 'underground passage' in the UK? Using the table at the previous page construct words or phrases to replace the underlined words. Example: He's in favour of the American approach …. He is pro-American 1 The BBC tries to avoid pronouncing foreign words incorrectly. 2 Most people say they have to work too hard but are paid too little. 3 He dated h i s cheque with a date that was later than the real date. 4 She's still on good terms with the man who used to be her husban d. 5 He made so many mistakes in the letter that he had to wri te it again.
IV) Affixation. Suffixes. Additioanal material. Common noun suffixes - er is used for the person who does an activity, e.g. writer, painter, worker, shopper, teacher. You can use - er with a wide range of verbs to make them into nouns. Sometimes the - er suffix is written as - or. It is worth making a special list of these as you meet them, e.g. actor, operator, sailor, supervisor. - er /- or are also used for things which do a particular job, e.g. pencil-sharpener, bottle-opener, grater, projector. - er and - ее can contrast with each other meaning 'person who does something' (-er) and 'person who receives or experiences the action' (-ее) employer/employee, sender/addressee, payee (e.g. of a cheque). -(t)ion /- sion /- ion are used to form nouns from verbs, e.g. complication pollution reduction alteration donation promotion admission. - ist [a person] and - ism [an activity or ideology]: used for people's politics, beliefs and ideologies, and sometimes their profession (compare with -er/-or professions above), e.g. Buddhism, journalism, Marxist, typist, physicist, terrorist, - ist is also often used for people who play musical instruments, e.g. pianist, violinist, cellist. - ness is used to make nouns from adjectives: goodness, readiness, forgetfulness, happiness, sadness, weakness. Note what happens to adjectives that end in -y.
Adjective suffixes
- able /- ible with verbs, means 'can be done': drinkable washable readable forgivable edible [can be eaten] flexible [can be bent]
Verbs - ise (or - ize) forms verbs from adjectives, e.g. modernise [make modern], commercialise, industrialise. Other suffixes that can help you recognise the word-class - ment: (nouns) excitement enjoyment replacement - ity: (nouns) flexibility productivity scarcity - hood: (abstract nouns especially family terms) childhood motherhood - ive: (adjectives) passive productive active - al (adjectives) brutal legal (nouns) refusal arrival - ous: (adjectives) delicious outrageous furious - ful: (adjectives) forgetful hopeful useful - less: (adjectives) useless harmless homeless - ify: (verbs) beautify purify terrify Exercises 1. Use the –er/-or, -ее and -ist suffixes to make the names of the following. If you need to use 2. Example: A person who plays jazz on the piano. a jazz pianist 1 The thing that wipes rain off your car windscreen.
2 A person who plays classical violin. 3 A person who takes professional photographs. (N.B. pronunciation) 4 A person who acts in amateur theatre. 5 The person to whom a cheque is paid. 6 A machine for washing dishes. 7 A person who donates their organs upon their death. 8 The person to whom a letter is addressed.
2. Each picture is of an object ending in -er. Can you name them?
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