Translate the given word units into Russian. 


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Translate the given word units into Russian.



ecotourism, non-local company, local populace, to obtain, a new form of exploitation, tourist villages, a negative impact, to benefit from sth, to bring prosperity, underdeveloped areas of the world, a detrimental effect, to be preyed upon, to pay a low wage, a host country, seasonal, tourist areas, to go back to one’s roots, minimum-wage unskilled labour, a valuable source of income, in question, apart from, to live in harmony with the environment, the prime reason, brainwashing

 

Exercise 1. Read the opinions of people coming from different countries about the effect of mass tourism and say whose ideas you share.

ü “Tourism is not mass exploitation. I’ve been on both eco-tourism holidays and package tours. In both types of holiday, the local community benefits positively, and we tourists are happy.” Huw Coxon, UK.

ü “In the part of Canada I live in, tourism is the largest single part of the economy. While mass tourism to a first world country does not have any real negative effects, mass tourism to the underdeveloped areas of the world can have a detrimental effect. Many in those communities may be employed into the tourism industry, but most will be preyed upon and paid a low wage. When I travel, I go out of my way not to buy package deals and stay in the ‘tourist area’. I know then that the money I spend goes to the people themselves and not to the few that run the resort. Try it, your vacation will then be a real experience of those counties’ culture.” Tyler Surrey, Canada.

ü “Travel is great. Hopefully tourists respect the country and culture of the places they visit. The host country enjoys the opportunity of showing off their unique land and culture. Maybe out of this people can learn more about the world and get a good suntan at the same time.” Tracy, Australia.

ü “I came from Brighton and I lived in a house that housed foreign students from many countries. Tourism brings in jobs but it has to be remembered that it is also seasonal and often poorly paid. Does England have many tourists in winter? Does Switzerland get many tourists in summer? Certainly, not. So, tourism depends on the season, but seasons cannot always be favourable for getting tourists if some natural disasters occur.” Robert Parker, UK.

ü “On the positive side it can bring some wealth to the tourist areas, such as building work and hotel work. Much of the money travellers pay for their holiday will stay in the pockets of the travel agents or some other non-local company. Also on the negative side, the jobs are low-paid, seasonal and low-skilled. In many areas the needs of water for tourism has led to the local populace having their own water supplies cut or maid more difficult to obtain.” Philip Jeremy, London, UK.

ü “Thankfully, in the part of Spain where I have family, tourists stay in the tourist areas. What is the point of going to Spain if you are going to drink British beer in a British-looking pub and eat British food?” Chris Powell, Spain.

ü “Whether we like it or not, tourism is here to stay. Migration of peoples over years has changed our world as people will always want to go back to their roots. But one more idea should be mentioned. Tourism exploits the tourists. But if they are stupid enough to come, let them come, spend their money and think they are seeing the culture.” Gerald Bonnar, New Zealand.

ü “The tourism industry likes to point out that they bring money and jobs to an area, yet most of that money does not stay in the region. The jobs they bring, for the most part, are minimum-wage unskilled labour, which replaces the living wage, skilled labour jobs that were there previously (in developed areas) or could exist. A family can’t be supported with a minimum-wage job, and so workers end up working several jobs, and barely getting by. Why would this be good for a community?” Alpha M. Schram, Oakland, USA.

ü “The problem with tourism is that the money people bring into the area probably never leaves the hotel complex. So many tourists stay within the hotel, and why should they wish to leave when everything is there and included in the price paid for the holiday. I don’t think tourism is a problem and indeed is a valuable source of income. I believe it is the style of tourism that should change. People going abroad should get out of the hotel and discover the country in question.” David Claydon, St. Andrews, UK.

ü “The last thing the world environment needs is millions of tourists travelling around the world. Apart from the fuel needed, tourists don’t live in harmony with the environment.” Stephen Baker, Ohio, USA.

ü In my opinion, mass tourism is brainwashing people. There is, very understandably, so many stereotypes about the countries or people living there, which have been created by travel agents, media, the Internet and most importantly, those who have been ‘mass tourists’.” Akira Tamuro, Japan.

ü “The prime reason for the tourism industry is not to exploit people. On the contrary, it is there to support the ordinary person trying to make a living in an honest way. It is helping local business. Take away the tourist and you take away the money going into the tourist areas.” Brian Davids, Melbourne, Australia.

Exercise 2. Comprehension questions:

1) What is the difference between travelling and tourism?

2) As you know, tourism is one of the most developed industries in the world today. But it has both pros and cons. What are they, to your mind?

3) The tourism industry says it is world's largest growth sector, generating badly needed jobs and income in poorer countries. Do you agree?

4) As you see the opinions are rather polar! Could you formulate the principle ideas of these people concerning mass tourism? What are the aspects that bother people (economic, political, and cultural)?

5) Whose opinion is closer to you?

6) What effect would tourism have on the culture, economy and environment in your city? Work out principles for and against it.

7) What is your own attitude towards mass tourism?

Exercise 3. Read the article and comment on the key points of it.

“Mass Tourism: Problems, Challenges and Solutions”

Issued 2010-03-12 http://hotelmule.com/html/48/48-2289.html

While the world faces many problems, most of which affect tourism and hospitality to a greater or lesser degree, there are four significant general problems that emerge from the articles to be of particular relevance to tourism and hospitality.

 

The problem of definitions

Despite the fact that the terms ‘tourism’ and ‘hospitality’ are widely used, there continues to be a lack of agreement as to exactly what each of these encompasses and as to the relationship between them. In this discussion, we take tourism to be an all-encompassing term covering every aspect of people staying away from home, and hospitality to be a specific aspect of this, dealing with accommodation and feeding tourists. One difficulty, of course, is that the hospitality industry also feeds and accommodates many people who are not tourists.

In reality ‘tourism’ is often interpreted quite narrowly, i.e. as the flow of visitors from one country to another. This is because, like many of the authors of articles, academics and researchers generally rely heavily on the World Tourism Organization (WTO) as their principal source of data. Yet in many parts of the world, particularly the United States and China, there are very high levels of domestic tourism. Even today only about 10% of the US population has a passport.

This problem of differentiating between international and domestic tourism is likely to become even more severe. If the European Union should become the United States of Europe, intra-regional travel within the Union will cease to be international tourism regardless of its purpose. (Travel between Hong Kong and PRC has already ceased to be international tourist travel, although the volume of traffic has increased and the purpose changed little.)

It is clear there is also a great deal of inconsistency between data, which is largely due to the problems of definition. Purpose of visit is one such definitional problem. When tourism is not defined it generally means pleasure tourism, people on holidays, but formal definitions (like that of the WTO) tend to include anyone travelling. Witt and Song state that 70% of worldwide trips were holidays, 15% were business and 10% were related to visiting friends and relatives (VFR). Yet the most recent Horwath International global hotel study (1999) identifies only 50% of occupancy deriving from the leisure traveller and 46% from business guests. From the hospitality and airline industries’ point of view the business traveller is extremely important and often the major focus of attention and effort.

The apparent inconsistency in figures is partly because so many pleasure tourists stay in less conventional accommodation. In Scotland, for example, Scottish Tourist Board figures published in 1999 show that hotel accommodation makes up only about 40% of total tourist accommodation, excluding VFR beds. Rather too many surveys concentrate solely on hotel guests, thus much less is known about other staying visitors. Domestic tourists are more likely than international tourists to use accommodation other than hotels as they are better placed to know about alternatives. Until the problems relating to the definitions of tourism and hospitality are resolved and the definitions become all-encompassing, applying with equal validity to all regions, there are likely to be continued difficulties and inconsistencies in understanding tourism and travel data and statistics.



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