По практическому курсу первого иностранного языка 


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По практическому курсу первого иностранного языка



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По практическому курсу первого иностранного языка

для студентов 2 курса

(английский язык как первый иностранный)

Липецк – 2013

 

UNIT 1

It is September. The summer holidays are over. People have gone back to work. The children have gone back to schools. The students have gone back to the universities. And, when we meet people, often they ask us, “What sort of summer did you have? Did you go anywhere nice?”

“Oh, I do like to be beside the seaside”

The beach at Brighton with the pier in the background.

I. Pre-listening activity.

Exercise 1. For better comprehension make sure you know the right pronunciation, meaning and translation of the following words and word combinations.

A resort, a boarding-house, a promenade, a pier, an arcade, to travel afield, seedy, social security benefits, a lido, an economic recession, local authorities, crumbling

 

II. Listening section.

Exercise 2. Listen to the speaker and fill in the missing words. Comment on the past and preferences of the British concerning travelling. Say how much they have changed.

It is September. The summer holidays are over. People have gone back to work. The children have gone back to school. And, when we meet people, often they ask us, “What sort of summer did you have? Did you go anywhere nice?”

How do we reply? Perhaps we say, “Oh, we went to Spain for a ___________.”

Or, “We went _____________ in Scotland.”

Or, “We didn’t go anywhere. We just stayed at home and enjoyed the ____________.”

Nowadays, many English people go abroad for their holidays. They go to the Mediterranean, or even to America. More _____________ people go walking in the Andes, or sunbathing in Thailand, or travelling across India by train, or photographing the wild animals in South Africa.

A generation or two ago, it was quite ___________. Summer holidays meant a week at an English seaside resort (or, if you were unlucky, two weeks at an English seaside resort). Seaside resorts had cheap _________ and boarding-houses where people could stay. They had pubs and cafes and restaurants. They had a promenade (a “prom”) – a broad road or path beside the sea where you could walk and enjoy the views and the sea air. They had cinemas and theatres, too, to provide __________ in the evenings or when the weather was bad. They had a beach, of course, where you could swim and build sand castles, and there were donkeys on the beach for the children to ride. And many seaside resorts had a pier, which ran out into the sea. The piers had cafes, and amusement arcades, and shops where you could buy postcards and souvenirs, and a place where small boys could fish for ________.

But then things changed. People had more money. And the cost of travelling by air fell ____________. So English people started to travel further afield for their holidays. They found that they preferred places where it was always hot and sunny in the summer. Instead of eating fish and chips in the cold and rain in England, they decided that it was better to eat fish and chips in the _____________ in Spain.

The old English seaside resorts ____________. They became seedy and run-down. Many of the hotels and boarding houses closed, or became homes for people on social security benefits. The lidos (the open-air ______________________) where the children used to swim became filled with empty beer cans and crisp packets. And, worst of all, in several resorts, the piers were _____________ by the sea or by fire.

Today there are some signs that things are ___________. Because of the economic recession, more people are taking their holidays at home instead of travelling ____________. The newspapers have invented a new word – “staycation” – for staying at home for your holiday, or your “vacation” as they call it in America. Some of the old seaside resorts have tried hard to make themselves more ___________ to modern visitors. In the old days, people arrived at a seaside resort by train and stayed for a week. Modern visitors arrive by car, and many of them stay only for a day. However, people still want to sit on the beach and enjoy the sea, and small girls with pink bicycles still want to cycle up and down the promenade. So local authorities have ________ some of the crumbling facilities, and cleared away the litter and cleaned the beaches. New restaurants and cafes have opened. In Weston-super-mare, which is Birmingham’s favourite seaside resort, they have even built a new pier.

To finish, here is a song about the seaside which was very popular a hundred years ago. It is sung by Florrie Ford, who was a famous music hall singer. She made this recording in 1909. You can find the words on the website, and you will see that the songwriter wanted to use the word “beside” as many times as possible!

Oh! I do like to be beside the seaside

I do like to be beside the sea!

I do like to be upon the Prom, Prom, Prom!

Where the brass bands play:

“Tiddely-om-pom-pom!”

So just let me be beside the seaside

I’ll be beside myself with glee

And there’s lots of girls beside,

I should like to be beside

Beside the seaside!

Beside the sea!

 

III. Comprehension check.

Exercise 3. Refute or agree to the following statements.

  1. Nowadays many English people don’t travel abroad for their holidays.
  2. The British can choose the Mediterranean, America, the Andes, Thailand, India or South Africa as their holiday destination.
  3. A generation or two ago summer holidays meant a week or two at an English seaside resort.
  4. English seaside resorts had different facilities to provide their visitors with: cheap hotels and boarding-houses to stay in, pubs and cafes and restaurants to have a meal in, a promenade for walking and enjoying the views and the sea air, cinemas and theatres to provide amusement, a beach for swimming and building sand castles, donkeys for the children to ride, a pier with cafes, and amusement arcades, and shops, and, finally, a place where for crabs fishing.
  5. Nothing has changed in the preferences of the British for the travelling. They don’t travel further afield for their holidays.
  6. The old English seaside resorts became worse.
  7. In spite of the decline, many of the hotels and boarding houses remained opened for people of all incomes.
  8. The open-air swimming pools are still filled with fresh water and piers still await for the visitors.
  9. Blaming the economic recession, more English are taking their holidays at home instead of travelling abroad.
  10. The newspapers have invented a new word for staying at home for your holiday.
  11. Some of the old seaside resorts have tried hard to make themselves more appealing to modern visitors.
  12. Nothing have changed in the travelling habits concerning means of travelling and the time of staying.
  13. The local authorities have done nothing to repair some of the shedding facilities, and to clear away the rubbish on the beaches.

 

Travelling is considered to be the most preferable way of spending holidays. Going somewhere for a week or two is wonderful! Do you travel a lot? Can you call yourself an experienced traveller? What is the best way to travel? In English we have a saying that “it is better to travel hopefully than to arrive”. It comes from the 19th century Scottish writer Robert Louis Stevenson. What does it mean? It is about our journey through life. Some people look forward all the time to new things. They welcome new opportunities, new things to do, new things to learn. Even when they are old, they still want to visit new places and meet new people. They are travelling “hopefully” (that is, “with hope”). Other people have perhaps done many things in their lives, but now they do not want to experience anything new. They have arrived. Which is better, do you think – to travel hopefully, or to arrive?

 

Exercise 1. Pair off and get ready to ask your groupmate about his/ her preferences concerning travelling. Fill in the given questionnaire. Be ready to comment on the results of the quiz.

TRAVEL/ VACATION QUESTIONNAIRE

  I said … My partner said …
How often do you travel or take a vacation?    
When did you take your last trip? Where did you go? What was the purpose of your trip?    
How do you like to travel – by car, ship, train or plane?    
What season do you like to travel in?    
Do you like to travel to warm or cold places?    
Do you send postcards or photos when you are on vacation or travelling?    
What kinds of activities do you do when you are on vacation?    
What are some important things you put in your suitcase when you travel?    
If you had a million dollars, where would you travel to? Who would you go with? What would you do?    

Exercise 2. Find the words hidden in the puzzle to speak about travelling in general. Fill in the table with the hidden words.

Exercise 3. Read the explanation of the hidden words, give their definitions. Read out the sentences with the given words, insert them and translate the sentences into Russian.

Definition Explanation Example
A - - - - - - - - - - - n something supplied for convenience or to satisfy a need: as a lodging, food, and services or travelling space and related services While we arrange the ____________ for you where required, airport transfers are not usually included.
A - - - - - t   a place where aircraft can land and take off, usually equipped with hangars, facilities for refueling and repair, accommodations for passengers, etc. After the plane lands, the pilot telephones the passengers at the departing _________ to inform them that they have arrived.
A - - - - - l reaching one's destination   The two aircraft were now parked outside the airport awaiting the ______ of the lorries the following morning.
A - - - t a travelling salesperson Your local travel _________ should be able to help.
B - - - - - e the trunks, bags, etc. of a traveller, esp. when packed and being used on a trip Payment for excess __________ can be made by credit card, cash or check.
to b - - k to engage ahead of time, as rooms, transportation, performers or performances, etc. Write, write and write some more, and make friends with the people before you all commit to ________ing air tickets.
B - - - - r   a dividing line between two countries, states, etc. or the land along it; frontier – Troubles behind, Maggie reaches Minnesota's southern ________, two hours from her new home.
B - - t a small, open water vehicle propelled by oars, sails, engine, etc. Possibly this would be used to sail the _______ upstream.
C - - - - e sail from place to place, as for pleasure or in search of something   A seven-night _______ of the islands costs from £ 1,721 per person including international and internal flights, full board accommodation and excursions.
D - - - - - - - e a starting out, as on a trip or new course of action In 2006 we are offering two escorted ____________s on this route.
to e - - - - - e to travel in (a region previously unknown or little known) in order to learn about its natural features, inhabitants, etc. – The scenic beauty and the variety of the landscape make Northern Ireland a great place to ________ on foot.
H - - - - - - - n the holiday or vacation spent together by a newly married couple Can you think of a better place to spend a second ______?
H - - e the place where a person (or family) lives; one's dwelling place I returned ______ on Tuesday & did not see her again till Thursday the 27 March.
H - - - - - y a day of freedom from labor; day set aside for leisure and recreation To avoid heavy daytime traffic some drivers travel through the night to their ___________ destination.
H - - - l a commercial establishment providing lodging and, usually, meals and other services for the public, especially for travellers Grange __________s is a chain of private luxury hotels in London.
J - - - - - y the act or an instance of travelling from one place to another; trip These long and arduous _________s across Europe can last many days, causing terrible suffering to these sensitive and intelligent animals.
J - t an engine-propelled airplane The title of the second, ‘United 93’, is the flight number of one of the four ______s hijacked on 11 September 2001.
P - - - - - - - r a person traveling in a train, bus, boat, automobile, etc., esp. one not involved in operating the conveyance Arriving and departing __________s will be kept completely separate which should make for very easy transit.
P - - - - - e a wrapped or boxed thing or group of things; parcel Select the holiday _________ of your choice today and book your holidays with us.
P - - - - - - t a government document issued to a citizen for travel abroad, subject to visa requirements, certifying identity and citizenship: it entitles the bearer to the protection of his or her own country and that of the countries visited In any case biometric _____________s are likely to be made compulsory by the European Union.
S - - - - - - r something kept or serving as a reminder of a place, person, or occasion People were busy collecting ________s of the old place.
S - - - t a thing worth seeing   That will be a more pleasing, spectacular _______ than anything we have known or could ever imagine on earth.
T - - - n a line of connected railroad cars pulled or pushed by a locomotive or locomotives How many people do you know or know of who have been in _______ crashes?
to t - - - - - l to go from one place to another; make a journey or journeys   I would ask you to note particularly the special __________ arrangements that have been made.
T - - k to travel slowly or laboriously; to go, esp. on foot The program includes _______king through the Himalayas, going through the National Parks and Wildlife reserves.
to t - - p   to take a journey, esp. not very long   Good clothing and mountain equipment are essential for a safe and enjoyable _______.
T - - - - - t a person who makes a tour, esp. for pleasure   The southern part of the district, Solu is much less frequented by _______s and can be a very rewarding destination in its own right.
V - - a an endorsement on a passport, showing that a person has been granted official entry into or passage through a country To obtain the ________ you should apply to the Embassy of the country where you will spend the most time during your trip.
V - - - - - - n freedom from any activity; rest; respite; intermission; a period of rest and freedom from work, study, etc.; time of recreation, usually a specific interval in a year Otherwise, if you are intent on finding a cheap all-inclusive family _______, select a reliable travel agent.
V - - - - e a relatively long journey or passage by water or, formerly, by land Here are displays and maps showing how the world was mapped before Cook's ________s of exploration.
Y - - - t any of various relatively small vessels for pleasure cruises, racing, etc. By the end of the course you should have enough experience to safely skipper a small ______ in familiar waters by day.

Exercise 4. Summer holidays are over. Usually students travel a lot during their summer vacation. Get ready to share your impressions about your holidays. The following table may help you.

I. HOLIDAY

1. Time that you spend in 2. To go somewhere for a holiday:

another place o r another - to go on holiday

country for rest and - to take/spend a holiday

enjoyment: - to go on vacation

- holiday - to take/spend a vacation

- vacation - to go on a trip

- trip

- honeymoon

A huge number of people travel a lot around the world. But do you know that there are different ways of travelling? Have you ever thought that people who travel may be called differently due to the ways they travel and the purpose of their trips and journeys?

Exercise 5. Study the following table about travelling and say what the peculiarities of types of travelling are. Choose from the table the best name for you as a traveller. Provide the transcription and definitions of the words and phrases. Translate them into Russian.

1. There are various types 2. Thus, people who travel

of travelling such as...may be called...

- a journey - a traveller

- a trip - a passenger

- a flight - a commuter

- a voyage - a globetrotter

- a cruise - an itinerant

- a crossing - a migrant

- a drive - a nomad

- a ride - a drifter

- a tour - a vagrant

- an expedition - a vagabond

- a trek - a well-travelled

- an outing

- an excursion

TRAVELLING

3. To seek breathtaking 4. Travellers' preferences

adventures theyvary. Some of them

decide on......choose to travel……

- making a trip

- undertaking a journey - by land

- going on a trip - by sea

- going abroad/ overseas - by air

- going for outing - by river

- going on an excursion

- going touring

- launching an expedition

- coming over to...

- exploring

- flying

- trekking

- being on the move

- crossing

- drifting

- travelling around/round

- wandering/ bumming/ swanning around/round

- rafting

- sailing

- thumbing a ride

- waving a car

- hitch-hiking

- driving

5. To make their journey exciting, they can travel either by … or by …

- boat - plane

- train - car

- coach - raft

- yacht - bicycle

- horse - motorbike

- helicopter - hot-air balloon

SET-WORK

a) Transcribe the following words.

Vacation, honeymoon, cruise, to launch, excursion, itinerant, voyage, globetrotter, nomad, vagrant, vagabond, expedition, migrant

b) Spell out the words according to the transcription.

[və'keɪʃ(ə)nə], [′autiŋ], [ra:ft], [jɔt], [′trekiŋ], ['wɔndə], [swɔn], [kə′mju:tə], ['krɔsɪŋ], ['hɪʧhaɪkɪŋ]

 

c) Explain the difference between the words.

travel – trip – tour – journey

holiday – vacation

break – leave – day off – year off

voyage – cruise – crossing – sailing

excursion – expedition – trek – hitch-hiking

going abroad – going overseas

to thumb a ride – to wave a car

ride – drive

commuter – globetrotter – traveller

itinerant – migrant – nomad – drifter – vagrant – vagabond

 

d) Exclude a word that does not match the line.

  • boat – coach – raft – ship – yacht
  • bicycle – motorbike – van – scooter
  • train – helicopter – plane – hot-air balloon
  • vagrant – itinerant – vagabond – honeymooner
  • leave – year off – maternity leave – week end

 

I) Fill in the table.

Surface Type of travelling Means of transport
by land    
by air    
by sea    

 

i) Study the tables and find the information to answer the following questions:

  1. How are some short periods of time called when people can have a rest?
  2. What types of travelling are known to you?
  3. How can people who are on holidays/ who travel be called?
  4. What do people decide on in order to seek breathtaking adventures?
  5. Which means of transport do people use when travel?

 

Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didn't do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover.

- Mark Twain

Modern life is impossible without travelling. Thousands of people travel every day either on business or for pleasure. They can travel by air, by rail, by sea or by road. They have different associations connected with travelling.

Exercise 1. Read the poem about travelling. Say what things the author associates with travelling. Does he like to travel?

WHAT IS TRAVELLING FOR ME?

What is travelling for me?

It is the shining sun, the sea;

The golden sand which looks like beads;

The blue-eyed sky and tender breeze.

What do I see when I close my eyes?

A milk-white ship with two red stripes;

The limpid clouds at the dawn

And sun that rises all alone …

And when the twilight falls from height,

The night appears from haven’s gate.

I see the moon in magic light

And stars that sparkle at the night.

That’s what I’m looking for in dreams,

And they are my inspiring beams,

I want to see it, to behold

And travel all over the world.

Exercise 2. Study the table and enumerate the reasons that make people travel. Transcribe and provide the definitions for the unknown words from the table.

“WHY DO PEOPLE TRAVEL?”

1. I believe travelling is … They say travelling is … 2. People usually make or go on a … because they want to …
· exciting · thrilling · fascinating · enjoyable · useful · refreshing · invigorating · stimulating · dangerous · troublesome · full of hardships · expensive/ costly · the best way to spend a vacation · trip · voyage · cruise · coach tour · walking/ hiking · cycling · journey · crossing · drive · ride · flight · trek · expedition · outing · excursion · see and experience sth unusual · learn new things · see the world · explore far-away places · get to know their country better · know how other people live, their customs, habits · visit their friends, relatives · enjoy beautiful scenery · get away from usual routine, civilization · broaden their outlook · improve their minds · get closer to nature · get life experience/ fresh ideas/ new vigour impressions
3. There may be different reasons for travelling, but many people travel … or they want … 4. But one shouldn’t forget that while travelling one may …
· for recreation · for pleasure · for change of scene · from curiosity · in search of novelty/ adventures · from necessity · on business · in search of health · out of snobbery · to feel superior to others · to boast on their travel · to brag on their trip · to show off · to put on airs · to give oneself airs · to have sth to talk about · to spend money · meet with an accident · get killed in an air-crash · get shipwrecked · get lost · get travel-sick/ air-sick/ sea-sick/ car-sick · have problems with a companion/ fellow traveller · meet with the difficulties to book a ticket/ flight/ tour or to get a seat/ cabin/ visa

Exercise 3. Read the opinions of teenagers about the reasons for travelling. Agree or disagree with them.

1. Joan is speaking:

Certain people travel for different reasons. The way I like to travel is to really get to know the people and culture of the place I go to. I want to familiarize myself with the language and customs, to understand the ways in which other people think. For me it is a wonderful opportunity to experience a different way of life and to make friends. I travel to see new lands, peoples, new cultures, for I think, people sometimes feel trapped in their own world and community. It is very important to get the feeling for the differences in the world and the large size of our Earth. It is the only way to understand our world as a whole. For me travelling gives a good chance to see the things up close instead of on TV, to taste new foods and traditions other places have, I travel to learn, to explore, to see new and exciting things, I travel because I am interested in places other than California and the US, and I like seeing how other people live and trying out their cultures. While travelling I can experience another culture, and perhaps to appreciate ours more. I also prefer to travel to gain an understanding of different unknown things.

I usually travel alone in order not to bother my old friends with my new acquaintances. You never know whom you are going to meet. People’s characters differ from country to country. It is great to travel on your own, without anybody who is connected with your present life so that to have a change and to get rested from your usual routine. Don't you think so?

 

2. Mark is speaking:

I travel to visit friends and relatives, to have fun and spend time with my family. And the best way to do it is to travel with my parents because, they are more experienced, and sometimes more tolerant to other cultures. I also like to travel to have a break in my routines. I usually travel to lose my mind in other things, so that when I return to my daily life everything seems new and different from when I left. I completely agree that people travel so that they can get rested from work, escape problems, relax and get away from responsibility. Besides, I believe travel is fun and also a learning experience that I can share with my fellow-traveller. Travelling with a friend or my relatives gives me a better opportunity to enjoy it. I love to travel for all these reasons with my buddies. And what about you?

 

3. Steve is speaking:

People travel for a lot of reasons. Some do it for the status it involves. As far as I am an interpreter I mostly travel on business with my colleagues. But sometimes I just go sightseeing with somebody who knows a lot about the place they travel to and can tell me about it. People travel for enjoyment and learning. I like both to visit tourist attractions, enjoy the beauty of the world and at the same time to learn the differences, gel a better idea of other climates and geographies. I am sure that travelling abroad gives a wider view of the world and cultures. It gives me a chance to live out my dreams. Besides, it promotes cultural understanding and gives me a different perspective on my own life. Don't you agree with me?

 

4. Christine is speaking:

Some people call me a "couch potato", because I don't like to go out. I prefer to watch TV or video in the comfort of my home. I don't like to travel. Why should I? Travelling is always so troublesome. You have to think about booking tickets, getting visas, packing all necessary things and plan everything in advance — it's such a routine. More than that, it is dangerous nowadays. I've heard a lot about air and car-crashes, wrecked ships and a lot of people killed or drowned. Why should I run risks? I don't see any sense in it. We only live once. They say travelling is a wonderful way to learn about different countries and cultures, to see the beauty of the world. As for me I can perfectly do it at home. There are many interesting educational programs on TV and a lot of books and catalogues. There you can find information about different countries, their history, their customs and traditions. All you need is to switch on TV or to open a book. It is more enjoyable and less costly. You don’t have to spend your money on expensive tours or cruises. What's more you never know whom you are going to meet while travelling. You are to deal with a lot of strangers and I don't like it very much. So, travelling isn't for me.

SET-WORK

Define the given words.

To be/ feel trapped, community, tourist attraction, to appreciate sth, to promote cultural understanding, to experience, to gain an understanding of sth, culture, learning experience

 

Why Should We Travel?

 

It is indeed very ______________ that some people feel travelling is a sheer waste of time, energy and money. Some also find travelling an extremely boring ____________. Nevertheless, a good majority of people across the world prefer travelling, rather than staying inside the confined spaces of their __________. They love to explore new places, meet new people, and see things that they would not find in their ____________. It is this very popular attitude that has made tourism, one of the most ____________, commercial sectors in the world.

People travel for various reasons. Some travel for work, others for fun, and some for finding __________________. Though every person may have his/ her own reason to go on a journey, it is essential to note that travelling, in itself, has some inherent ______________. For one, for some days getting away from everyday _____________ is a pleasant change. It not only refreshes one's body, but also mind and ___________. Travelling to a ______________ place and doing exciting things that are not thought of otherwise, can rejuvenate a person, who then returns home, ready to take on new and more difficult challenges in life and work. It makes a person forget his _____________, problems, frustrations, and fears, albeit for some time. It gives him a chance to think wisely and _____________. Travelling also helps to heal; it can mend a broken heart.

For many people, travelling is a way to attain ____________, and perhaps, a quest to find answers to their questions. For this, many people prefer to go to faraway and ____________ places. For believers, it is a search for God and to gain higher knowledge; for others, it is a search for _________ peace. They might or might not find what they are looking for, but such an experience certainly ___________ their lives.

With people, their culture, thoughts and ideas also travel. When they go from one place to the other, they are bound to meet people and share their thoughts and experiences with them. This is where ___________ of ideas takes place, and it definitely broadens a person's ____________. It makes him/ her think in a different way, from a different ____________. When we speak of cultural influences and exchange, _________ is one of the important factors. The food habits of people say a lot of things about them. It is very interesting to ___________ new and unknown ways and values; they really add spice to life.

Travelling also creates lifelong __________. Whether a person travels solo or with family and friends, the experience definitely gives him/ her nice and exciting stories, which he/ she can share with people back home. A good long holiday with loved ones enables him/ her to spend some quality time with them, which in turn, helps to ________ and _________ relationships and creates very strong one-to-one and family bonds. In fact, travelling away from home and spending time with near and dear one(s) can give the relationship an entirely ______________ and possibly, people may start understanding each other in a better way.

Above all, travelling and getting away from our homes enables us to spend some time with our own __________. It makes us more ___________ and more ___________ towards others. It makes it easier for us to meet and mingle with different kinds of people, and also teaches us to live life ______________.

 

Travelling for Medical Aid

 

Thousands of people across the world travel every year from one country to the other in order to get proper and apt medical ___________. Some of them travel from richer countries to poorer ones in quest of __________ medication; some others travel from poorer countries to more developed ones to get the right medication. Medical tourism is today, one of the most important parts of the travel and tourism sector and more than 50 countries have identified it as a _______________.

Personal health is what makes travel ______________ important. People here, travel because they don't have a choice in most cases. One might wonder that if a person gets medical _______ only after he reaches his/ her destination, what importance does travelling hold in this case? Well, travelling instills _______ in a person. As a person travels and gets more and more closer to the destination, the hope of getting cured and living a __________ and __________ life ahead goes on increasing. Thus, travelling makes a person more _________ towards life.

Travelling can therefore be an extremely enchanting and enriching experience that may help improve the ________ of your life. So, let the travel bug ________ you so that you experience the thrill and the calmness of life at the same time, and emerge a different person altogether.

 

By Sucheta Pradhan

III. Comprehension check. Published: 6/4/2013

Exercise 2. Finish up the sentences using the article.

  1. The ability to move around from one place to the other is ….
  2. A person who went on a long-distance journey returned home …. Till then, his family … regarding his ….
  3. In spite of all these barriers and difficulties, people travelled; not always because they needed to, but many times, also because ….
  4. Though every person may have his/ her own reason to go on a journey, it is essential to note that travelling, in itself, has ….
  5. Travelling also helps …; it can mend ….
  6. For many people, travelling is a way to …, and perhaps, a quest ….
  7. For believers, it is … and to gain …; for others, it is a search for ….
  8. Travelling also creates lifelong ….
  9. Above all, travelling and getting away from our homes enables us ….
  10. Thousands of people across the world travel every year from one country to the other in order to get proper and apt ….
  11. Thus, travelling makes a person ….
  12. So, let the travel bug bite you so that you experience … and … at the same time, and emerge a ….

Exercise 3. Read out the sentences which resemble the following. Sometimes several sentences are needed to prove the idea.

  1. We, humans, possess an extraordinary ability of seeing, experiencing and learning from travelling, and this is precisely what makes our trips more satisfying and prefect.
  2. Humans have been travelling since the ancient times for a variety of reasons.
  3. These journeys were extremely long and tiring and it took a person much time to reach the destination.
  4. Travelling not only takes us to remote places and helps us gets friends with different people, but it also can break the routine of our lives.
  5. It is indeed very unfortunate that some people feel travelling is a real waste of time, forces and money. Some also find travelling an extremely tiresome activity.
  6. However, a good deal of people all over the world prefers travelling, rather than staying inside their houses.
  7. Travelling gives a person a chance to think better and creatively.
  8. When we speak of cultural understanding, meals is one of the essential aspects.
  9. As a matter of fact, travelling far away and spending time with dearest people can give the relationship an absolutely new perspective and people are likely to comprehend each other in a better way.
  10. Medical tourism nowadays is one of the most significant parts of the travel and tourism sector and more than 50 countries consider it to be a national industry.
  11. Travelling brings hope to people. As a person travels and gets closer to the destination, the hope of getting healed and living a better life ahead goes on increasing.
  12. Travelling can be an absolutely delightful experience that may help make the quality of your life better.

 

Exercise 4. Come up with your own utterance concerning the importance of travelling.

 

UNIT 4

 

TOURISM DEFINED

  In 1937 the League of Nations recommended a definition be adopted of a ‘tourist’ as one who travels for a period of 24 hours or more in a country other than that in which he usually resides. This was held to include persons travelling for pleasure, domestic reasons or health, persons travelling to meetings or on business, and persons visiting a country on a cruise vessel (even if for less than 24 hours). The principal weakness here is that it ignores the movement of domestic tourists. Later the United Nations Conference on International Travel and Tourism, held in Rome in 1963, considered recommendations put forward by the IUOTO (now the World Tourism Organization) and agreed to the term “visitors” to describe “any person visiting a country other than that in which he has his usual place of residence, for any reason other than following an occupation remunerated from within the country visited”. This definition was to cover two classes of visitors: a) Tourists, who were classed as temporary visitors staying at least twenty four hours, whose purpose could be classified as leisure (whether for recreation, health, sport, holiday, study or religion), or business, family, mission, or meeting; b) Excursionists, who were classed as temporary visitors staying less than twenty four hours, including cruise travellers but excluding travellers in transit. Once again the definition becomes overly restrictive in failing to take domestic tourism into account. The inclusion of “study” in this definition is an interesting one since it often excluded in later definitions, as are courses of education. A working party for the proposed Institute of Tourism in Britain (now the Tourism Society) attempted to clarify the concept, and reported   in 1976: “Tourism is the temporary short-term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work, and activities during their stay at these destinations; it includes movement for all purposes, as well as day visits or excursions”. This broader definition was reformulated slightly without losing any of its simplicity at the International Conference on Leisure-Recreation-Tourism, held by the AIEST and the Tourism Society in Cardiff in 1981: “Tourism may be defined in terms of particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home environment. Tourism may or may not involve overnight stays away from home”. The above definitions have been quoted at length because they reveal how broadly the concept of tourism must be defined in order to embrace all forms of the phenomenon. Indeed, the final definition could be criticized on the grounds that, unless the activities involved are more clearly specified, it could be applied equally to burglary or any of a hundred other activities! Here, no guidance on the particular activities is offered, nor does it get us nearer the solution as to how far away a tourist must travel from his home base before he can be termed as such. Conceptually, then, to define tourism precisely is a difficult if not impossible task. To produce a technical definition for statistical purposes is less problematic. As long as it is clear what the data comprises, and one compares like with like, whether inter-regionally or internationally, we can leave the conceptual discussion to academics. With the advent of twentieth century, mass tourism, perhaps the most accurate definition of a tourist is “someone who travels to see something different, and then complains when he finds things are not the same”!

 

Exercise 2. Match the words and phrases according to the meaning in which they are taken from the text.

1. following an occupation (line 19) a) two sets of data collected under similar conditions

2. remunerated (line 20) b) to include

3. overly restrictive (line 31-32) c) left out

4. excluded (line 34-35) d) doing a job

5. reformulated (line 46) e) includes

6. to embrace (line 57) f) paid

7. comprises (line 71) g) expressed differently

8. like with like (line 71) h) too narrow

Exercise 3. Writers use pronouns, e.g. it, them, and certain phrases, e.g. in this way, such a method, to refer to something mentioned before or to something which will be mentioned later. Such words and phrases help maintain logical organizations as well as to reduce unnecessary repetition. As you read you need to be able to recognize what such pronouns and phrases refer to. Say what the following refer to in the article:

  1. ‘that’ (line 4) refers to _____________ in the line ____________
  2. ‘This’ (line 5) refers to _____________ in the line ____________
  3. ‘it’ (line 10) refers to _____________ in the line _____________
  4. ‘he’ (line 18) refers to _____________ in the line ____________
  5. ‘it’ (line 34) refers to _____________ in the line _____________
  6. ‘the concept’ (line 39) refers to _____________ in the line ____________
  7. ‘the phenomenon’ (line 58) refers to _____________ in the line ____________
  8. ‘it’ (line 61) refers to _____________ in the line ____________
  9. ‘such’ (line 66) refers to _____________ in the line ____________

SET-WORK

Comprehension questions.

1. How did railway building contribute to the growth of tourism?

2. Which paragraph gives reasons for the development of foreign travel? What are the reasons given?

3. “The 1990s family, however, is far more likely to take a two-week package tour to the Mediterranean …” What nationality is the typical family referred to here? How do you know?

 

Skim and scan.

a) The article mentions 3 people whose names are still prominent in the travel industry. Who are they? Do you know where their names can be seen today? Find additional information about them.

b) What are the two Acts of Parliament which created the preconditions for mass tourism? What did this legislation provide for?

 

***8. Find additional information about the origin of mass tourism in Russia.

 

 

UNIT 5

 

There are many types of tourism existing nowadays. The list is practically endless. The more people travel, the more types appear each time. Some types of tourism are quite traditional, others are extreme and unexpected. Can you differentiate between them?

Exercise 1. Look through the list of travel types and match them with the suggested definitions.

 
 

 

 


adventure t/ agritourism/ archeological t/ backpacking t/ bicycle touring/ bookstore t/ cultural t/ dark t/ disaster t/ ecotourism/ extreme t/ garden t/ heritage t/ hiking/ literary t/ medical t/ mountaineering/ music t/ pop-culture t/ pilgrimage/ sacred t/ safaris/ space t/ volunteer vacation/ wine t

1. ____________ is a type of niche tourism involving exploration or travel to remote areas, where the traveller should expect the unexpected. It is rapidly growing in popularity as tourists seek unusual holidays, different from the typical beach vacation. According to the global Adventure Travel Trade Association, it may be any tourist activity including two of the following three components: a physical activity, a cultural exchange or interaction.

2. ___________ is a form of walking, undertaken with the specific purpose of exploring and enjoying the scenery. It usually takes place on trails in rural or wilderness areas.

3. ___________ (also tramping or trekking or bushwalking in some countries) combines hiking and camping in a single trip. A backpacker hikes into the backcountry to spend one or more nights there, and carries supplies and equipment to satisfy sleeping and eating needs.

4. ___________ is the sport, hobby or profession of walking, hiking, trekking and climbing up mountains. It is also sometimes known as alpinism, particularly in Europe. While it began as an all-out attempt to reach the highest point of unclimbed mountains, it has branched into specializations addressing different aspects of mountains & may now be said to consist of 3 aspects: rock-craft, snow-craft and skiing, depending on whether the route chosen is over rock, snow or ice. All require great athletic and technical ability, and experience is also a very important part of the matter.

5. ____________ is a style of vacation which is normally on farms. This may include the chance to help with farming tasks during the visit. It is often practiced in wine growing regions, as in Italy and Spain. In America, it is wide-spread and includes any farm open to the public at least part of the year. Tourists can pick fruits and vegetables, ride horses, taste honey, learn about wine, shop in farm gift shops and farm stands for local and regional produce or hand-crafted gifts, and much more.

6. ____________ is an alternative form of cultural tourism, which aims to promote the passion for historical-archaeology and the conservation of historical sites.

7. ____________ is a leisure travel activity which involves touring, exploring or sightseeing by bicycle. Bicycle tourism can be likened to backpacking on a bicycle.

8. ____________ is a type of cultural tourism that promotes independent bookstores as a group travel destination. It started as a grassroots effort to support locally owned and operated bookshops, many of which have struggled to compete with large bookstore chains and online retailers. The project was initiated in 2003 by Larry Portzline, a writer and college instructor in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania who led "bookstore road trips" to other cities and recognized its potential as a group travel niche and marketing tool. The movement based on this type encourages schools, libraries, reading groups, and organizations of all sizes to create day-trips and literary outings to cities and towns with a concentration of independent bookstores. It also encourages local booksellers to attract bibliophiles to their communities by employing bookstore tourism as an economic development tool. Others benefiting include local retailers, restaurants, bus companies, and travel professionals. The effort also provides organizations with an outreach opportunity to support reading and literacy.

9. _____________ is the subset of tourism concerned with a country or region's culture, especially its arts. It generally focuses on traditional communities who have diverse customs, unique form of art and distinct social practices, which basically distinguishes it from other types/forms of culture. It includes tourism in urban areas, particularly historic or large cities and their cultural facilities such as museums and theatres. It can also include tourism in rural areas showcasing the traditions of indigenous cultural communities (i.e. festivals, rituals), and their values and lifestyle. It is generally agreed that cultural tourists spend substantially more than standard tourists do. This form of tourism is also becoming generally more popular throughout Europe.

10. ______________ or Grief tourism is tourism involving travel to sites associated with death and suffering. This includes castles and battlefields; sites of disaster, either natural or man made; prisons now open to the public. One of the most notorious destinations for dark tourism is the Nazi extermination camp at Auschwitz in Poland.

11. ______________ is the act of travelling to a disaster area as a matter of curiosity. The behavior can be a nuisance if it hinders rescue, relief, and recovery operations.

12. ______________ is a form of tourism which appeals to the ecologically and socially conscious. Generally speaking, it focuses on local culture, wilderness adventures, volunteering, personal growth, and learning new ways to live on the planet; typically involving travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Sustainable development needs to have social, economic and environmental needs all together to occur.

13. ______________ or shock tourism is a type of niche tourism involving travel to dangerous places (mountains, jungles, deserts, caves, etc.) or participation in dangerous events. It overlaps with extreme sport. The two share the main attraction, "adrenaline rush" caused by an element of risk, and differing mostly in the degree of engagement and professionalism.

14. _____________ is a type of niche tourism involving visits or travel to botanical gardens and places which are significant in the history of gardening. Tourists often travel individually in countries with which they are familiar but often prefer to join organized garden tours in countries where they might experience difficulties with language, travel or finding accommodation in the vicinity of the garden.

15. ______________ is a branch of tourism oriented towards the cultural heritage of the location where tourism is occurring. This trend is evident in the rise in the volume of tourists who seek adventure, culture, history, archaeology and interaction with local people. It involves visiting historical or industrial sites that may include old canals, railways, battlegrounds, etc. The overall purpose is to gain an appreciation of the past. It also refers to the marketing of a location to members of a diaspora who have distant family roots there.

16. _______________ is a type of cultural tourism that deals with places and events from fictional texts as well as the lives of their authors. This could include following the route a fictional character charts in a novel, visiting particular settings from a story or tracking down the haunts of a novelist. Tourists are specifically interested in how places have influenced writing and at the same time how writing has created place. In addition to visiting author and book sites, tourists often engage in bookstore tourism, browsing local bookshops for titles specifically related to the sites as well as other regional books and authors.

17. ________________ is a term initially coined by travel agencies and the mass media to describe to the rapidly-growing practice of travelling to another country to obtain health care. Such services typically include elective procedures as well as complex specialized surgeries such as joint replacement (knee/ hip), cardiac surgery, dental surgery, and cosmetic surgeries.

18. _______________ is the act of visiting a city or town in order to see a gig or festival. With the presence of the tourist, money is spent and the local economy benefits.

19. _______________ is the act of travelling to locations featured in literature, film, music, or any other form of popular entertainment. Popular destinations have included:

  • Los Angeles, California film studios.
  • New Zealand after The Lord of the Rings was filmed there
  • The Louvre in which the book and movie The Da Vinci Code takes place
  • Japan for japanophiles or lovers of Japanese pop-culture
  • Tunisia, location of the filming of the Star Wars movies

21. In religion and spirituality, a _________ is a long journey or search of great moral significance. Sometimes, it is a journey to a sacred place or shrine of importance to a person's beliefs and faith. Members of every major religion participate in them. A person who makes such a journey is called a pilgrim.

22. ______________, or metaphysical tourism, is a growing niche of the travel market. It attracts New Age believers, primarily middle-aged women, and involves tours and travel to "spiritual hotspots" on the Earth. Destinations are often ancient sites where there is a mystery concerning their origin or purpose, such as The Pyramids of Egypt, or Stonehenge in England. These travellers see the journey as more than just tourism and take the trips in order to heal themselves and the world. Part of this may involve rituals involving, (supposedly), leaving their bodies, possession by spirits (channelling), and recovery of past life memories.

23. A ____________ is an overland journey. It usually refers to a trip by tourists to Africa, traditionally for a big-game hunt and in more modern times to watch and photograph big game and other wildlife as a holiday.

24. _____________ is the recent phenomenon of individuals paying for space travel, primarily for personal satisfaction. As of 2007, its opportunities are limited and expensive, with only the Russian Space Agency providing transport. The price for a flight brokered by Space Adventures to the International Space Station aboard a Soyuz spacecraft is now $30 million. Flights were fully booked until 2009. Among the primary attractions of this type are the uniqueness of the experience, the thrill and awe of looking at Earth from space, the experience's notion as an exclusive status symbol, and various advantages of weightlessness.

26. _____________ are an opportunity for people to make a positive difference in the lives of others or to help improve or contribute to society, culture, or the environment while on vacation. It is also a chance for people of nearly any age to immerse themselves in foreign or challenging circumstances, experience a different culture first-hand, and learn more about the world they live in. This type attract people from age groups—students on break or who take a year off between high school and college, singles, couples, families with young children, and older adults. Despite obvious differences among these people, they typically share a desire to “do something good” while also experiencing new places and challenges in locales they might not otherwise visit.

27. _____________ refers to tourism whose purpose is or includes the tasting, consumption, or purchase of wine, often at or near the source. It can consist of visits to wineries, vineyards, and restaurants known to offer unique vintages, as well as organized wine tours, wine festivals, or other special events.

SET-WORK

Comprehension questions.

  1. What are the peculiarities of each type of tourism?
  2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of them?
  3. Which country would you advise to visit to experience such type of travelling?
  4. Which type would you prefer? Why?
  5. Which types of tourism can we experience in Lipetsk?

 

I. Pre-listening activity.

Exercise 2. Transcribe, explain the meaning of the given words and word combinations and translate them into Russian.

Fragile, misconception, ignorant, exorbitant, luxurious, to opt for, to emphasize, habitat, mandatory, to indulge in, to venture, to abide, ivory, to poach, biodegradable, glimpse, to propagate

II. Listening section.

Exercise 3. Listen to the speaker and insert the missing words and word combinations.

While the world faces many problems, most of which affect tourism and hospitality to a greater or lesser degree, there are four significant general problems that emerge from the articles to be of particular relevance to tourism and hospitality.

 

The problem of definitions

Despite the fact that the terms ‘tourism’ and ‘hospitality’ are widely used, there continues to be a lack of agreement as to exactly what each of these encompasses and as to the relationship between them. In this discussion, we take tourism to be an all-encompassing term covering every aspect of people staying away from home, and hospitality to be a specific aspect of this, dealing with accommodation and feeding tourists. One difficulty, of course, is that the hospitality industry also feeds and accommodates many people who are not tourists.

In reality ‘tourism’ is often interpreted quite narrowly, i.e. as the flow of visitors from one country to another. This is because, like many of the authors of articles, academics and researchers generally rely heavily on the World Tourism Organization (WTO) as their principal source of data. Yet in many parts of the world, particularly the United States and China, there are very high levels of domestic tourism. Even today only about 10% of the US population has a passport.

This problem of differentiating between international and domestic tourism is likely to become even more severe. If the European Union should become the United States of Europe, intra-regional travel within the Union will cease to be international tourism regardless of its purpose. (Travel between Hong Kong and PRC has already ceased to be international tourist travel, although the volume of traffic has increased and the purpose changed little.)

It is clear there is also a great deal of inconsistency between data, which is largely due to the problems of definition. Purpose of visit is one such definitional problem. When tourism is not defined it generally means pleasure tourism, people on holidays, but formal definitions (like that of the WTO) tend to include anyone travelling. Witt and Song state that 70% of worldwide trips were holidays, 15% were business and 10% were related to visiting friends and relatives (VFR). Yet the most recent Horwath International global hotel study (1999) identifies only 50% of occupancy deriving from the leisure traveller and 46% from business guests. From the hospitality and airline industries’ point of view the business traveller is extremely important and often the major focus of attention and effort.

The apparent inconsistency in figures is partly because so many pleasure tourists stay in less conven



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