A semi-automatic machine tool, a reprogramming control system, multi-purpose machine tool.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

III. Translate the sentences with acronyms.

1. They'd like to introduce CAPE (Computer Aided Production Engineering).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. There was a fire in a coal mine. To put the fire out the fire brigade had to resort to a WIFE method (Water Injection — Fume Exhaustion).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. The operator shall not forget to do the SOS (Scheduled Oil Sampling).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. The labour efficiency increased greatly due to the EDGE (Electronic Data Gathering Equipment).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5. OPEC decided to decrease oil export in January (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. The TOD was fixed at 22:39 (Time of Departure).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. The system has been provided with an ACU (Alarm Control Unit).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. The installation could supply the factory with 500 BOD (Barrels of Oil per Day).

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Text 14

PARTS OF MACHINE TOOLS

All machine tools that use metal to shape metal or other materials have similar parts to carry out the shaping process: a tool holder, to keep the shaping tool in place; and a work holder, called a table (or slide) to hold the part that is to be shaped and to move or feed it at a fixed speed against the tool. In some machines the table is stationary, and the tool moves. In addition, a means of controlling the depth and angle at which the tool cuts the work-piece must be pro­vided. Both the rate of feed and the position of the work-piece and the tool in relation to each other can be varied. Cutting tools must be made of materials that are harder than the metals and are capable of main­taining their cutting edge at friction temperatures that result from the cutting operation. The most common materials used are high-speed steel; non-ferrous alloys containing tungsten, chromium, and cobalt; ceramicized aluminum oxide; and diamonds. Water and various types of oil are used to reduce friction temperatures and to lubricate the cutting area.

EXERCISES

I. Give the Ukrainian equivalents:

1.	a tool holder
2.	a work holder
3.	slide
4.	stationary
5.	main­taining
6.	friction temperatures
7.	high-speed steel
8.	to lubricate

II. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the meaning the word “one” and define its function.

1. The second processor was more powerful than the first one.

 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. A secondary cell is one, which can be charged again.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. The induced charge is always the opposite of the inducing one.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. This computer is more powerful than that one.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. One can’t do different kinds of works at a time.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. The results of these experiments are much better than previous one.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. One can obtain hydrogen by decomposing water by electrolysis.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8. One considers that the results of the experiment are of great importance for the future development of cybernetics.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9. While carrying out this experiment, one should take all these factors into

consideration.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10. One knows that the electric cell is a device for converting chemical energy into electrical one.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

III. Open the brackets using the verbs in proper tenses. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. She............ already (to clean)...................... the room by that time.

2. By 5 o’clock all tourists (to gather)....................................... in the hotel.

3. When I came home my parents (to have).................................................. dinner.

4. Suddenly Tom remembered – he (to forget)............................... to lock the door.

5. Peter felt nervous because he (not to learn)........................................ the words from the text.

6.............. you already (to read)................... today’s newspaper?

7. They (to move).......................... to Chernihiv from Kyiv in 1980.

8. When........... you (to receive).......................... the last letter? – A month ago. Since then I (to send).................................... them a few letters.

9. The children (to return).................................... home before it began to rain.

10. We (to visit)......................................... the exhibition of furniture on Sunday.

Text 15

AUTOMATIC CONTROL

To be truly automatic, a machine tool must be capable of produc­ing parts repetitively without operator assistance in loading parts, starting the machine, and unloading parts. In this sense, some bar-turning machines are automatic. In practice, however, some machine tools designated as automatic are actually semi-automatic, since they require an operator to load the work-piece into the machine, press the start button, and unload the part when the operation is completed. The tooling for automatic machines is more complex than for hand-controlled machines and usually requires a skilled worker to make the setup. After the setup, however, a less skilled operator can operate one or more machines simultaneously. Tracer lathes and numerically controlled (NC) machine tools are examples of machines that use varying degrees of automatic and semi-automatic control.

EXERCISES

I. Give the Ukrainian equivalents: